【作者】 张亦弛；

【导师】 邱景辉；

【作者基本信息】 哈尔滨工业大学 ， 电磁场与微波技术， 2011， 硕士

【摘要】 近年来，随着通信系统的不断发展与微电子器件的技术工艺提高，超宽带天线技术也开始从军事技术渐渐向民用技术转变，同时，天线的双极化技术也在不断发展，天线的双极化有利于极化复用，或者实现收发同工。在地面通信中，双极化天线可以实现极化分集通信，同时也让通信系统有更好的抗多径衰落特性；在卫星通信中可以实现收发的极化隔离。超宽带双极化天线技术也就成为了现在的热点话题。本文首先介绍了天线的极化理论分析，考察了通常用于实现线极化设计的基本单元：微带结构、对称振子、单极子天线、环天线和喇叭天线，分析了其形成线极化波的原因以及各种发展和变化。选择对称振子变化来的圆盘偶极子天线进行深入研究。在分析了圆盘偶极子的结构设计及超宽带特性，线极化特性的基础上，对圆盘偶极子提出了改进方案，电气性能上通过在馈电点连接小圆盘寄生结构以提升高频段天线性能，物理结构上通过添加介质板为天线提供物理支撑并改善天线的低频特性。在此基础上，设计了连续嵌套两个半径渐变的圆盘结构的超宽带线极化天线单元。仿真数据天线在4-40GHz内驻波比<2.5 ,交叉极化<-30dB。将此线极化天线单元空间内正交放置，实现了双极化设计，并给出了平面结构上的双线极化和圆极化设计方案。最后根据设计的天线方案加工了一副双极化天线并进行了测试。并根据测试结果讨论了加载介质板对天线性能的影响。驻波特性与交叉极化验证了仿真设计的结果。更多还原

【Abstract】 In recent years, with the continuous development of communication systems and improving of the technology of microelectronic devices, ultra-wideband antenna technology has begun to gradually shift from the military field to the civilian technology. At the same time, the dual-polarized antenna technology is developing rapidly. This is conducive to polarization multiplexing, or to send and receive for the same time. On ground communications, dual-polarized antenna polarization diversity can communicate, when a better communication system against the anti-multipath fading characteristics; in satellite communications we can polarization isolation sending and receiving. Ultra-wideband dual-polarized antenna technology has become a hot topic now.This paper firstly describes the theoretical analysis of the polarization of the antenna, and investigates for the realization of linear polarization is basically used to design: micro strip, symmetrical oscillator, monopole antennas, loop antennas and the horn antenna. The reasons four their linear polarization are given and a variety of the development and change are shown out. In this paper, we choose a circular disk dipole antenna to study with which is evolved from monopole antennas.After the analysis of the structural design of circular disk dipole antenna of ultra-wideband, linear polarization, A program based on circular disk dipole antenna is purposed, electrical performance which can highly proof its electrical performance by the connection of a smaller disk through the feed structure to enhance the performance of high frequency, the physical structure of the antenna is also strengthen by adding the media board to provide physical support and improve low frequency performance of the antenna.On this basis, a design of a continuous two disk additional circular disk dipole antenna is purposed, Simulation data shows within the 4-40GHz the antenna has the data of VSWR <2.5, cross-polarization <-30dB. This linearly polarized antenna elements placed orthogonal space to achieve the dual-polarized design, and gives the structure of the two-plane polarization and circular polarization design. Finally, according to design a pair of dual-polarized antenna, the antenna processing program and tested. The results are discussed according to the media board loading of the antenna performance. VSWR and cross polarization results verify the simulation design.更多还原