【作者】 白小彦；

【导师】 王炳文； 杨富民；

【作者基本信息】 甘肃农业大学 ， 动物食品营养与工程， 2011， 硕士

【摘要】 为给獭兔饲养管理、品种选育和肉品加工提供依据,试验选择美系獭兔20只（雌雄各半）,比利时兔10只（雌雄各半）,宰前进行颈静脉采血、并分离血清,对血液生理生化指标、屠宰性能、食用品质、肉腥味等进行了较为全面系统的测定分析,并对血清生化指标与屠宰性能、食用品质之间的相关性进行了研究,结果如下:1.血液生理指标:美系獭兔血液生理指标中PLT、PCT、PDW、MCHC、RDW、MCV的含量分别为292.4×10⁹/L、0.22、17.36fL、379.0g/L、14.36fL、67.99fL。美系獭兔雄性PLT极显著高于雌性（P<0.01）,PCT显著高于雌性（P<0.05）,但PDW则极显著低于雌性（P<0.01）,RDW显著低于雌性（P<0.05）。美系獭兔MCV、GRA%极显著高于比利时兔（P<0.01）,但MCHC、PLT、PCT则极显著低于比利时兔（P<0.01）。2.血清生化指标:美系獭兔血清生化指标中AST、GGT、GLU、CR、UA、CHO和K⁺、Ca²⁺的含量分别为40.3U/L、8.6U/L、7.036mmol/L、110.1umol/L、18.1umol/L、1.406mmol/L和6.687mmol/L、3.405mmol/L。美系獭兔雄性GLU、CR、K⁺极显著低于雌性（P<0.01）,ALT、AST、UA、Ca2+显著低于雌性（P<0.05）。美系獭兔CHO、LDL、Ca2+极显著低于比利时兔（P<0.01）,AST、GGT、HDL显著低于比利时兔（P<0.05）。3.屠宰性能:美系獭兔5月龄的宰前平均活重为1.99kg、胴体重、屠宰率、净肉重分别为1.07kg、53.55%、0.84kg。美系獭兔雄性胴体重、屠宰率、净肉重显著低于雌性（P<0.05）。美系獭兔胴体重、屠宰率、净肉重、肉骨比极显著低于比利时兔（P<0.01）,活重、骨重显著低于比利时兔（P<0.05）。4.食用品质:美系獭兔肉的平均pH1值和pH24,L1、A1、B1和L24、A24、B24,系水力,滴水损失,剪切力,熟肉率,肌纤维直径值分别为6.74和6.23,49.90、11.69、10.19和46.54、14.12、12.87,82.13%,2.36%,2.675kg·f,66.77%,5.005μm。美系獭兔雄性剪切力、肌纤维直径显著高于雌性（P<0.05）,但系水力则显著低于雌性（P<0.05）。美系獭兔剪切力、肌纤维直径极显著高于比利时兔（P<0.01）,系水力显著高于比利时兔（P<0.05）。5.血液生化指标与屠宰、食用品质之间的相关性美系獭兔血液生化指标与屠宰性能、食用品质主要指标存在一定的相关性。其中活重、胴体重与HBDH呈极显著的正相关（P<0.01）;屠宰率与GLU、CR、Ca2+呈显著的正相关（P<0.05）;净肉重与TBIL、DBIL、AST、GLU、CR、HBDH、K+呈显著的正相关（P<0.05）;pH24与DBIL、AST呈极显著的正相关（P<0.01）,与ALB、GLU、HBDH、K+呈显著的正相关（P<0.05）;熟肉率与CHO、HDL、LDL呈显著的负相关（P<0.05）。6.腥味研究感官品评表明,美系獭兔肉腥味大于比利时兔。美系獭兔雄性肉腥味与雌性差异不明显;不同部位肉腥味表现为腹部>腿部>臀部>背部肌肉。美系獭兔平均LOX酶活为0.605△A·min^-1·g^-1,其中腹部、腿部、臀部、背部肌肉分别为0.643△A·min^-1·g^-1、0.627△A·min^-1·g^-1、0.595△A·min^-1·g^-1、0.554△A·min^-1·g^-1。美系獭兔雄性腹部、腿部肌肉的LOX酶活显著高于雌性（P<0.05）,其余部位间差异不显著（P>0.05）。美系獭兔腹部、腿部、背部肌肉的LOX酶活显著高于比利时兔（P<0.05）,臀部肌肉LOX酶活则极显著高于比利时兔（P<0.01）。LOX同工酶电泳图谱显示美系獭兔谱带雄雌间无明显差异;不同部位间谱带明暗程度不同,其中腹部肌肉谱带亮度高;美系獭兔肉的谱带较比利时兔肉宽。更多还原

【Abstract】 The research was to provide essential reference values in feeding management, breeding and meat quality of Rex rabbits.twenty healthy about 2.0 kg weight American Strain Rex rabbits of 5 months old（male and female in half）,ten Belgian rabbits（male and female in half）, both of them were from Yongdeng Shang chuan rong yuan farm in Gansu province. They were butchered together so as to tested and analyze blood physiological and biochemical parameters,slaughter performance,edible quality and the meat flavor. In addition,we study correlations of blood biochemical indexes with slaughter performance and edible quality.The results showed as below:1. Blood physiological parameters: The results showed that PLT, PCT, PDW, MCHC, RDW, MCV of American Strain Rex rabbits were 292.4×109/L,0.22,17.36fL, 379.0g/L,14.36fL,67.99fL; the PLT of males was significantly higher than females （P<0.01）,the PCT was higher than females（P<0.05）, but the PDW were significantly lower than females （P<0.01）, the RDW was lower than females （P<0.05）. American Strain Rex rabbits’MCV, GRA% were significantly higher than Belgiam rabbits （P<0.01）,but it’s MCHC, PLT, PCT were significantly lower than the Belgian rabbit （P<0.01）.2. Serum biochemical parameters: American Strain Rex rabbits’AST, GGT, GLU, CR, UA, CHO and K+, Ca2+ were 40.3U/L, 8.6U/L, 7.036mmol/L, 110.1umol/L, 18.1umol/L,1.406mmol/L and 6.687mmol/L, 3.405mmol/L, GLU, CR, K+ of males was significantly lower than females （P<0.01）, ALT, AST, UA, Ca2+ was lower than females （P<0.05）. American Strain Rex rabbits’CHO, LDL, Ca2+ was significantly lower than the Belgian rabbit （P<0.01）, AST, GGT, HDL was lower than the Belgian rabbit （P<0.05）.3. Slaughter performance: Live weight, carcass weight, dressing percentage, meat weight of American Strain Rex rabbits were 1.99kg, 1.07kg, 53.55%, 0.84kg,; males’carcass weight, dressing percentage, meat weight was lower than females （P<0.05）. American Strain Rex rabbits’carcass weight, dressing percentage, meat weight, meat bone rate were significantly lower than Belgiam rabbits （P<0.01）, live weight, bone weight was lower than the Belgian rabbits （P<0.05）.4. Edible quality: pH1 and pH24,L1,A1,B1 and L24,A24,B24,water holding capacity, dripping loss, shearing force, cooking percentage, diameter of muscle fiber in muscle tissues of American Strain Rex rabbits were 6.74 and 6.23, 49.90,11.69,10.19 and 46.54,14.12,12.87,82.13%, 2.36%, 2.675kg·f, 66.77%, 5.005μm. Shearing force and the diameter of muscle fiber of males was higher than females （P<0.05）, but the water holding capacity was lower than females （P<0.05）.American Strain Rex rabbits’shearing force, diameter of muscle fiber were significantly higher than Belgian rabbits （P<0.01）, water holding capacity was lower than Belgian rabbits （P<0.05）.5. Correlation between American Strain Rex rabbits Serum biochemical parameters and slaughter performance and edible qualityAmerican Strain Rex rabbits Serum biochemical parameters existed strong correlation with a great number of slaughter performance and edible quality.There was very significant positive correlation between live weight, carcass weight and HBDH（P<0.01）,there were significant positive correlation between Slaughter rate and GLU, CR, Ca2+（P<0.05）, meat weight was significant positive correlation with TBIL, DBIL, AST, GLU, CR, HBDH, K+（P<0.05）.pH24 was very significant positive correlation with DBIL、AST and was significant positive correlation with ALB, GLU, HBDH, K+; Cooking percentage was significant negative correlation with CHO, HDL, LDL.6. Meat flavorSensory evaluation showed that American Strain Rex rabbits meat flavor heavier than Belgian rabbits. male and female American Strain Rex rabbits had same meat flavor,but abdominal meat flavor were the heaviest,followed by the legs, buttocks, back muscles. LOX activity of American Strain Rex rabbits was 0.605△A·min^-1·g^-1, abdomen, leg, buttock and back muscle were 0.643△A·min^-1·g^-1, 0.627△A·min^-1·g^-1, 0.595△A·min^-1·g^-1, 0.554△A·min^-1·g^-1.LOX activity of male rabbits abdomen and leg muscle was higher than females （P<0.05）, while the back and buttock muscle had no differences （P>0.05）.American Strain Rex rabbits buttocks muscle LOX activity was were significantly higher than Belgian rabbits （P<0.01）, abdomen,leg and back muscle were were higher than Belgian rabbits （P<0.05）.The electrophoresis of LOX isoenzymes showed that American Strain Rex rabbits different gender had same bands,different muscle sites had different degrees of light and dark bands and abdomen muscle band was the lightest, American Strain Rex rabbits bands width than Belgian rabbits.更多还原