【作者】 闫宝荣；

【导师】 花保祯；

【作者基本信息】 西北农林科技大学 ， 生物信息学， 2011， 硕士

【摘要】 蝎蛉科昆虫Panorpidae是长翅目Mecoptera最大的科,已知约427种,是重要的生态指示昆虫,但其属级分类单元和系统发育关系迄今比较混乱,因此运用新的方法对蝎蛉科昆虫进行系统发育研究就显得尤为重要。本研究应用几何形态测量学方法,通过对翅脉地标点坐标做统计学分析,以蚊蝎蛉为外群,研究了长翅目蝎蛉科11种蝎蛉和1种华蝎蛉以及秦岭火地塘地区的10种蝎蛉的系统发育关系,同时针对刘氏蝎蛉与黑尾蝎蛉是否为同种的问题进行了研究,并结合形态学与分子数据,探讨了蝎蛉科的系统发育关系以及刘氏蝎蛉的多态性。主要研究结果如下:普式坐标的种间方差分析结果显示出极显著的差异。系统发育结果表明,染翅华蝎蛉Sinopanorpa tincta和缠绕蚊蝎蛉Bittacus implicatus被分成独立的两支,靠近树的基部,可能说明蚊蝎蛉科相对于蝎蛉科较为原始,同时也验证了华蝎蛉属的属级分类地位。吉林蝎蛉P. jilinensis和刘氏蝎蛉P. liui位于树的最基部,属于同一分支,可能为蝎蛉属中较原始的种类。太白蝎蛉P. obtusa,华山蝎蛉P. emarginata,南五台蝎蛉P. nanwutaina和拟华山蝎蛉P. dubia的亲缘关系较近,在传统分类中,它们均属于单角蝎蛉种团P. centralis group。秦岭蝎蛉P. qinlingensis和淡黄蝎蛉P. fulvastra关系最密切,均属于无角蝎蛉种团P. davidi group。所建系统发育树中六刺蝎蛉P. sexspinosa位于最顶部,与单角蝎蛉种团的种类相靠近,而与传统分类中隶属于无角蝎蛉种团的结果有所不同,这或许可以说明其相对更为进化的分类地位。火地塘地区的10种蝎蛉的系统发育同样证实了华蝎蛉属的属级分类地位。华山蝎蛉P. emarginata和六刺蝎蛉P. sexspinosa,双带蝎蛉P. bifasciata和任氏蝎蛉P. reni分别位于最相近的分支,说明其亲缘关系最近,且相对较为进化。主成分分析等结果显示,黑尾蝎蛉与刘氏蝎蛉很难分开,很可能是种内的不同变异,说明刘氏蝎蛉种内存在多态性,并探讨了种内多态性对蝎蛉生存的意义。更多还原

【Abstract】 Panorpidae is the largest family in Mecoptera, consisting of 427 described species. They are known as the important ecological indicators. However, the generic taxonomy and phylogeny in the family of Panorpipae are disordered so far. Hence, it is critical to consider for the phylogeny of Panorpipae with a new method.Geometric morphometrics was used by statistical analysis of landmark coordinates on one species of Sinopanorpa, 11 species of Panorpa and 10 species of scorpionflies in Huoditang area, investigating their phylogeny with the Bittacus implicatus as the outgroup. Whether the black-tailed Panorpa is the same species with P. liui was also analyzed. Combining with the morphological characters and molecular data, we discussed the phylogeny of Panorpidae and polymorphism of P. liui. The main results are as follows:A one-way ANOVA of Procrustes coordinates shows highly significant differences between groups. The phylogenetic tree shows that Sinopanorpa tincta and Bittacus implicatus are divided into two branches separately, both of them close to the bottom of the tree, indicating that Bittacidae is more primitive than Panorpidae and confirm the establishment of the genus Sinopanorpa. The tree also suggests a close relationship between P. jilinensis and P. liui because they are located at the base of the tree, which could be an evidence for the relative primitive species. The P. obtusa, P. emarginata, P nanwutaina and P. dubia are clustered to the much close position, which belong to the P. centralis group. As members of the P. davidi group, P. qinlingensis and P. fulvastra are close to each other. P. sexspinosa lies to the top of the topology tree, to our surprise, it is close to the P. centralis group not P. davidi group, inconsistent with the morphological result, perhaps showing a relative primitive evolutionary status. The result of 10 species of scorpionflies from Huoditang area also confirms the erection of the genus of Sinopanorpa. P. emarginata and P. sexspinosa, P. bifasciata and P. reni were situated at the two nearest branches separately, likely indicating their close relationship in phologeny and comparatively evolutionary status.The principal component analysis shows that the black-tailed Panorpa is hardly separable from P. liui, so they are probably conspecific. The significance of polymorphism in the adaption of the scorpionfly is briefly discussed.更多还原