【作者】 王小洁；

【导师】 王荣民；

【作者基本信息】 西北师范大学 ， 高分子化学与物理， 2011， 硕士

【摘要】 随着社会的进步与科技的发展,人们环境意识的不断增强,材料的循环利用越来越受到科学界的关注。有关合成高分子的回收利用研究已经开展,部分高分子材料已经被循环利用。废弃天然高分子的回收利用将是保护人类生态环境、实现资源充分利用的一个重要方面。对废弃天然高分子的回收利用,既可降低材料的成本,同时也能缓解石油资源枯竭所带来的威胁,更能缓解人类对于环境的压迫。废弃的羽毛中含有大量的角蛋白,因其具有良好的生物可降解性能、生物相容性等,将代替合成高分子材料应用于人类生活的多个领域。本论文立足环境友好高分子的发展前沿,以保护人类生态环境、实现资源的充分利用为目的,探索角蛋白在可降解膜材料中的应用。论文首先对角蛋白提取、应用研究新进展进行了综述。介绍了角蛋白结构、种类以及近年来角蛋白及角蛋白衍生物的应用研究状况;并综述了可降解包装膜的种类、性能、制备方法以及应用研究,并提出了包装膜的缺点。其次,以废弃羽毛(红色和白色羽毛)为原料,采用醇酸双预处理-还原法提取羽毛角蛋白,采用紫外-可见光谱、红外光谱、SDS-PAGE、飞行时间质谱、元素分析、氨基酸分析以及圆二色谱对红色羽毛角蛋白(RFK)和白色羽毛角蛋白(WFK)进行了表征,探讨了羽毛颜色与角蛋白结构的差异性。结果表明,羽毛、提取的角蛋白及角蛋白溶液的颜色差异可能在于含S氨基酸(胱氨酸)的含量的差异,胱氨酸的含量多导致了RFK溶液的颜色较深,或氨基酸顺序的差异。第三,将羽毛角蛋白与马铃薯淀粉作为天然高分子原料,采用溶液浇铸法制备角蛋白/马铃薯淀粉复合膜(RFK/PSt-F),并考察了成膜条件,如增塑剂/基质、糊化温度及角蛋白用量对膜材料性能的影响,获得了RFK/PSt-F的最佳成膜条件。与马铃薯淀粉膜(PSt-F)和角蛋白膜(RFK-F)相比,将RFK/PSt-F作为包装膜具有良好的阻油性,能作为食品的外包装材料,且在环境中不会造成污染。以PSt-F和RFK/PSt-F为载体,以小分子化合物,罗丹明B为模型药物分子,研究了对药物分子的负载与释放性能。结果表明:在不同pH缓冲液中,PSt/-F和RFK/PSt-F对罗丹明B显示了良好的控制释放性能、释放能力不同,且释放量大。但复合膜在酸性条件下的释放量最大达85%,PSt/-F在碱性条件下的释放量最大为80%。这说明角蛋白的加入使复合膜的药物释放量增大。最后,以羽毛角蛋白和大豆分离蛋白为天然高分子原料,采用溶液浇铸法制备角蛋白/大豆分离蛋白复合膜(RFK/SPI-F),并考察了成膜条件,如基质比,成膜液pH以及增塑剂/基质对膜材料性能的影响,得到了RFK/SPI-F的最佳成膜条件。与大豆分离蛋白膜(SPI-F)和RFK-F相比,将RFK/SPI-F作为包装材料具有良好的阻油性。以SPI-F和RFK/SPI-F为载体,小分子化合物,罗丹明B为模型药物分子,研究了对药物分子的负载与释放性能。结果表明,SPI-F和SPI/RFK-F对罗丹明B显示了良好的控制释放性能,而且不同的pH下释放能力不同,但是,复合膜的释放速率较慢,这利于药物的充分利用吸收。总之,从羽毛中提取角蛋白,变废为宝,将其作为原料制备的角蛋白/马铃薯淀粉膜材料和角蛋白/大豆分离蛋白膜材料不仅具有良好的机械性能、阻油性,而且可生物降解不会污染环境;将其作为药物载体,负载药物有望作为一种新型的pH敏感的药物载体材料应用于医药领域。更多还原

【Abstract】 With the development of social progress and technological, and people’s growing environmental awareness, recycling materials have been caught much attention by the scientific community. The research of the recycling of synthetic polymers has been carried out, and some has been recycled. The recycling waste natural polymer would be to protect the human environment, and be important for achieving the all use of resources. That can not only reduce the cost of materials, but also ease the threat of depletion of oil resources to better alleviate the oppression of human beings on the environment. It contains a lot of feather keratin in Waste. Feather keratin has been attracted much attention because of its striking features, such as biodegradable, environmentally friendly, high nutritional value, nonpoisonous, readily available from an abundant renewable resource, and so on, and the substitution of conventional synthetic polymer materials with biopolymers. However, the feather keratin is major waste product currently in the poultry industry, causing an environmentally difficult disposal problem as it is not efficiently extracted and applied. The aim of this paper was to study that keratin take as additives in the biodegradable packaging application.Firstly, on the basis of introducing the research progress of the extracted methods of keratins and their applications in all aspects of life were reviewed; and the preparation of edible packaging films and their use were reviewed, and put forward the shortcomings of it.Secondly, the pretreatment with double alkyd-reduction method was used in this part. The red and white feather was used as raw material. Meanwhile, in order to study the diversity of feather colour and keratin structure, the extracted feather keratin was characterized using FT-IR Spectroscopy, Circular Dichroism (CD), MALDI–TOF MS, TG measurement, Elemental Analysis and Amino Acid Analysis.. These results suggested that increasing the feather colour caused an increase in keratin colour and keratin solution colour. The diversity may lie in the difference of amino acids containing the element of S (cystine). The more of cystine contained the darker of the colour of protein solution.Thirdly, the objective of this paper was to prepare compound films based on potato starch and RFK by a simple solvent casting method. The properties of film-forming solution were investigated. The optimized process and formula were obtained. The RFK/potato starch compound film (RFK/PSt-F) as a packaging film has good oil resistance. The study of the release of drug molecules for RFK/PSt-F that it as a carrier and a small molecule compounds RB as a model drug molecules. The results suggested that containing membrane showed a good performance of controlling release in buffer at different pH. The maximum emission of RFK/PSt-F was by 85% in acidic conditions. The maximum emission of PSt-F was by 80% in alkaline conditions. This showed that the addition of keratin increasing the drug release of compound film.In finally, the objective of this paper was to prepare compound films based on SPI and RFK by a simple solvent casting method. The properties of film-forming solution were investigated. The optimized process and formula were obtained. The RFK/SPI compound film (RFK/SPI-F) as a packaging film has good oil resistance. The study of the release of drug molecules for RFK/SPI-F that it as a carrier and a small molecule compounds RB as a model drug molecules. The results suggested that containing membrane of SPI-F and RFK/SPI-F showed a good performance of controlling release in buffer at different pH. However, the RFK/SPI-F showed the slow release rate, which helped make full use of the drug absorbed.In short, the RFK/PSt-F and RFK/SPI-F which has good mechanical properties and biodegradability was pH-responsive and showed controllable drug-release behavior was used in the field of medicine.更多还原