【作者】 周中强；

【导师】 李玉星；

【作者基本信息】 中国石油大学 ， 油气储运工程， 2011， 硕士

【摘要】 在石油天然气工业中,低含液量气-油-水三相流动广泛存在于湿气管道中,是三相流动的典型现象之一。湿气输送管道内经常含有水和碳氢化合物冷凝液,这些液体会诱发低含液量三相流动,少量冷凝液的存在会导致沿管路的压降明显增加。工程实际中的截面含液率是决定清管频率和设计接收装置的重要因素。对于选择合适的管道尺寸和材料,精确地进行压力梯度预测也是非常重要的。因此,在湿气输送过程中,研究低含液量气-油-水三相流动的流动特性是非常重要的。对于近水平管内低含液量气-油-水三相流动,本文建立了以气相、油相以及水相动量方程为基础的控制方程,并对控制方程的各个计算参数,给出相应的计算闭合关系式,从而建立完整的近水平管内低含液量气-油-水三相流动模型。根据近水平管内低含液量气-油-水三相流型实验观察结果,分析各个流型的流动特性,从而提出了适用于低含液量的三相流型划分方法,以气-液流型为主,对油-水流型进行划分,并给出相应的判断准则。结合实验数据,根据已建立的近水平管内低含液量气-油-水三相流动模型,对闭合关系式进行优化选择,主要进行了气-壁摩擦因子、气-油界面摩擦因子以及气-液界面形状的筛选或优化。通过对比分析,本文建立了气-油界面摩擦因子组合关系式,并对于气-液水平界面适用范围给出相应的结论。通过将计算模型与实验数据进行对比分析,对本文所提出来的流型判断准则进行验证分析,并分析流型的分布范围。同时,对于计算模型得到的截面含液率以及压力梯度进行了验证分析。由对比结果可以看出,流型判断较准,计算模型的压力梯度计算精度较高,偏差较小,说明本文模型的适用性较好。本文在模型研究的基础上,对普光气田集输管网的运行数据进行了分析预测,根据普光气田清管的前半个周期内的管线运行参数进行了验证分析,从而对于计算模型的现场应用效果给出相应的评价,说明了本文所建立的计算模型在实际应用中具有较好的可靠性,可以较好的应用于实际工程的压降预测。更多还原

【Abstract】 Low-liquid-loading gas-oil-water flow, which exists widely in wet gas pipelines, is one of the typical occurrences of three-phase flow in the oil and gas industry. Wet gas transportation pipelines often contain water and hydrocarbon condensates, which lead to the occurrence of low-liquid-loading three-phase flow. However, small amounts of condensates can lead to a significant increase in pressure drop along a pipeline. In-situ liquid holdups are important factors for determining pigging frequency and designing receiving facilities. Accurate pressure gradient prediction is of great importance to select the right pipe size and material. Therefore, understanding of the flow characteristics of low-liquid-loading gas-oil- water flow is very important in the transportation of wet gas.For the low-liquid-loading gas-oil-water three phase flow in near horizontal pipes, this paper established a governing equations, based on the gas-oil-water momentum equation, for the calculation parametes of the governing equations, this paper gives the corresponding close relationships, so as to establish a complete model for the low-liquid-loading gas-oil-water three phase flow in near-horizontal pipes. As to the experimental observations for the low- liquid-loading gas-oil-water three phase flowpattern in near-horizontal pipes, analyze the flow characteristics of each flowpattern, which is proposed to divided flowpattern for the low- liquid-loading gas-oil-water three phase flow, by the gas-liquid flow type main, divided the oil-water flowpattern, and the corresponding criterion is given.With the experimental data, according to the established model for the low-liquid- loading gas-oil-water three phase flow in near-horizontal pipes to optimize the relationship of closure options, mainly for the gas-wall friction factor, gas–oil interfacial friction factor and gas-liquid interface shape screening or optimization. By comparative analysis, this paper established a new gas-oil interfacial friction factor combination relationship, while, for the application of gas-liquid interface shape gives the appropriate conclusions.By the comparative analysis of calculation model and experimental data, verify the proposed flowpattern criterion and analyze the distribution area of flowpattern. Model obtained liquid holdup and pressure gradient is validated. From the comparasive results, the model determines the flowpatterns more accurately, and the pressure gradient in etimating error is smaller, indicating the applicability of this model is well.In this paper, based on the model studies, but also analysis the operating parameters for the PuGuang gas field gathering and transportation pipelines, and according to the operating parameters of the first half of pigging cycle, which is validated, then the effect of field application for the calculate model are given the appropriate assessment, to illustrate the established model in practical applications has good reliability, can better predict the pressure drop for the practical engine.更多还原