西藏生态补偿制度研究

【作者】 刘亚成；

【导师】 刘雨林；

【作者基本信息】 西藏大学 ， 行政管理， 2011， 硕士

【摘要】 随着工业文明的发展,人类对自然的干预越来越来深入,消耗的自然资源越来越多,对自然资源的依存度也越来越高,在满足人们日益增多的物质和财富的同时,也给人类生活及生态环境带来了危机,人们不得不思索,自然资源不是无限的,资源环境是有价的,保护生态环境就是使人类更好的生存和发展。西藏地区地处高原,地形复杂多样,生态环境各具特色,在各种生态环境中,其共同的特点就是高原生态的脆弱性及敏感性,这就决定了西藏的生态环境很容易受到外界的干扰和破坏,生态环境的保护和恢复相比于低海拔地区要困难得多。西藏地区资源丰富,经济贫困,生态地位在全国乃至世界都居于重要的战略地位。西藏人民因为贫困而迫切要求发展经济、开发本地区资源,但是生态地位的重要性则限制资源开发,地区经济的发展受到生态环境的制约。在这种情况下,西藏应该走一条什么样的发展道路,是西藏人民和政府需要解决的根本问题。根据科学发展观的要求,经济发展要与生态环境相协调,在确保生态环境好转的情况下开发西藏,促使本地区经济快速发展;同时在保证西藏经济良好发展的趋势下,促使西藏生态环境得到很好的保护,使资源环境成为经济发展的永续动力,这要求加快建立和健全西藏生态补偿制度。本文分为四个部分,分析了西藏的地理环境,论述了西藏生态环境保护的紧迫性,阐述了西藏草原、水资源、森林及矿业生态补偿的理论依据及必要性,把西藏地区经济贫困与生态保护联系在一起。第一部分从研究西藏生态补偿的目的和意义入手,引入西藏生态补偿制度建立的重要性。第二部分研究了国内外生态补偿的文献,为西藏的生态补偿制度完善提供了理论依据和实践经验;第三部分就西藏几个重点领域进行生态补偿的分析、论证及实施;第四部分作为在西藏进行生态补偿的结论和展望、阐述了建立西藏生态补偿制度必要保证、说明了西藏的发展与环境生态保护之间的关系。本文比较系统的论证了建立西藏生态补偿制度的可行性、必要性,在西藏地区,生态保护及生态地位在我国都处于极其重要的地位,然而西藏的生态保护还有明显的不足之处,生态补偿研究有待加强、生态补偿制度有待完善。故此,希望本研究能引起大家重视、能为西藏建设提出一些建议、能引起有关方面的关注。更多还原

【Abstract】 Along with the development of industrial civilization of nature, human has more and more intervention with the nature, and the consumption of natural resources are in great , the dependence on natural resources is also higher than ever, with meeting people’s growing material and wealth, industrial civilization has also brought crisis to mankind’s living and ecological environment, because of this result people have to think, natural resources are not unlimited, resources and environment have a price, and the protection of ecological environment is to make human beings have better survival and development.The Tibet area is located in highland, complex and varying in terrain, Ecological environment each has its own characteristics, their common characteristic is plateau ecological vulnerability and sensitivity in different ecological environments, This determines that the Tibet’s ecological environment is very vulnerable to outside disturbance and destruction ,comparing to low altitude area ,the ecological environment protection and recovery is much more difficult.The Tibet area is rich in resources but economic poverty, its ecological status has been one of important strategic positions in our nation and even the world. The Tibetan people demands economic development and exploiting the local resources urgently because of their poverty, but the importance of ecological status restricts its resources exploitation, the development of regional economy has been imposed on by ecological environment restriction. In this case, what kind of development way that the Tibet should have is the Tibetan people and government need to face, and this is the fundamental problem.According to the requirement of the scientific development concept, Economic development and ecological environment should be harmonious, In such circumstances that ecological environment is becoming better, we prompt the Tibet economic development rapidly, at the same time ,we guarantee the development of Tibetan economic to make the ecological environment being good, making resources and environment being protected ,the ecological environment provide sustainable economic development, and this requires accelerate to establish and improve the ecological compensation system in Tibet.This paper is divided into four parts, analyzing Tibet geographic environment, discussing the urgency of Tibetan ecological environment protection, it also expounds the Tibet grassland, water resources, forest and mining ecological compensation theoretical basis and necessity, linking the Tibet region economic poverty and ecological protection together. The first part of the paper begins with the Tibet ecological compensation, introduce the importance of establishing ecological compensation system’s purpose and significance in Tibet. The second part of the paper begins with studying the literature of ecological compensation which is from domestic and abroad, providing theoretical basis and practical experience for establishing Tibet’s ecological compensation system; The third part begins with several important areas of ecological compensating, and doing some analysis, demonstration and implementation; The fourth part is the ecological compensation conclusions and outlooks, it expounds the necessary guarantee of establishing ecological compensation system in Tibet, and also explains the relationship between the Tibet’s development and the ecological protectionThis paper demonstrates the establishing ecological compensation system’s feasibility and necessity in Tibet, in this region, ecological protection and ecological status are very important in China, however Tibet’s ecological protection is obvious deficiency, ecological compensation research needs to be strengthened, ecological compensation system needs to be perfected. Therefore, I hope that this research can get everybody attention, and put forward some suggestions for Tibet construction.更多还原