【作者】 张耀乾；

【导师】 李振环；

【作者基本信息】 华中科技大学 ， 固体力学， 2009， 硕士

【摘要】 近二十年来,随着计算机硬件技术的迅猛发展和大型商业有限元分析软件的广泛应用,计算机模拟技术也开始应用于铝电解槽的设计、生产和维修等全生命周期过程。随着铝电解技术的发展和进步,大型化、节能化是铝电解槽发展的方向。随着槽壳结构的大型化,其安全可靠性问题日益突出。大型铝电解槽在服役期间,除了承受力载荷外,电解槽壳还承受900度左右的高温,电解槽在长期的热-力载荷作用下,蠕变是影响其安全寿命的主要因素。采用散热通风有效地降低槽壳温度,特别是改善槽壳温度应力的合理分布,是提高热-力耦合作用下电解槽安全寿命的有效途径。本文针对典型大型铝电解槽,重点探讨了含有散热片的某大型铝电解槽的槽壳温度和热应力分布,所得结果对大型铝电解槽散热问题的研究提供借鉴和参考。本文的主要工作有:1.基于大型有限元ANSYS?软件对某大型铝电解槽进行了三维有限元建模。利用ANSYS附带的APDL语言,完整地建立了包括内衬材料的三维(3D)铝电解槽焙烧模型,充分考虑了材料非线性、可能存在的所有接触边界条件,以及散热边界条件。2.利用ANSYS,对某电解槽在正常工作和热槽维修吊运工况下的热力耦合场进行分析,并对槽壳上是否安装散热片情形进行了对比分析。通过对是否安装散热片的铝电解槽在正常工作及热槽吊装工况下的热-力耦合计算对比分析,重点探讨了散热片材料、散热片厚度、散热面积、散热片数目以及散热片分布等对电解槽内变形和应力大小及分布的影响。结果表明:(1)在槽壳上安装散热片可以有效地帮助侧部散热,可以缓解内部变形导致的热应力;(2)对散热片安装数量和分布进行优化,可以改善槽壳温度分布,也可降低成本。更多还原

【Abstract】 With the rapid development of computer science and widely use of commercial finite element software in the past two decades, computational simulation has already been employed in Electrolyte Alumina Container design, production, repair and other related whole-life period. With the development of aluminum electrolytic technology, implementation of the scientific outlook on development to save energy, and lower energy consumption becomes the main direction. With the enlargement of the container size, the safety problem becomes more and more intensive.During the life-cycle of a large Electrolyte Alumina Container, aside from the mechanical load on it, the container is on 900 centigrade thermal pressure. The container is under thermal-mechanical coupling and creep is the key factor affecting its life period. Adopting design of ventilation and heat conduct to reduce the temperature of the inner shell, especially to ameliorate the reasonable distribution of thermal stress in the shell, is a very good manner to increase the safe life of the container. In this paper, computational analysis of a large Electrolyte Alumina Container is performed. Special attention is paid to preliminary study of the temperature and thermal stress distribution of the shell of the container. Conclusion of the data from this analysis may be useful for the future research on the heat dissipation of Electrolyte Alumina Container.Content of this paper:Firstly, 3D finite element model of an Electrolyte Alumina Container based on ANSYS is constructed. Adopting the attached language APDL by ANSYS, calculation model of the whole container with inner-attached material is constructed. All possible contacts, material non-linear properties and heat-venting boundaries are taken into account.Secondly, by ANSYS, analysis of the Electrolyte Alumina Container under normal and loading conditions are performed and comparison of the container on and off cooling plate is done. The comparison of the analysis of the container on and off cooling plate is performed, with special attention to those parameters related to cooling plate, the material, thickness, surface area, number of the cooling plate and the distribution of those cooling plates, which have great impact to the stress and its distribution in the container. Results show that (1) addition of certain quantity of cooling plates can effectively low down the temperature in the container and at the same time reduce the thermal stress induced by inner displacement in a way; (2) optimization design of cooling plates distribution and its number can help improve temperature distribution in the container and reduce the cost as well.更多还原