【作者】 丛培城；

【导师】 于泳；

【作者基本信息】 哈尔滨工业大学 ， 电力电子与电力传动， 2010， 硕士

【摘要】 三相交流变频驱动系统以其优良的调速性能,良好的节能效果,越来越广泛的应用于工业、商业、航空等领域。由于控制算法的复杂性及半导体器件的自身特点,驱动器易发生故障。在一些特殊的应用场合,如自动化、航空、核能和危险的化学品工厂中,由于用户对变频驱动系统的可靠性、可维护性、生存能力等指标的要求明显提高,因此对系统中各组成部分的故障进行快速、准确诊断,并在此基础上,采取相应的容错控制策略以提高系统可靠性具有重大意义。本文以矢量控制变频调速系统为研究对象,为了提高变频器的容错性能,分别针对影响变频器可靠性的传感器故障和变流器故障进行了研究。感应电机闭环变频驱动系统中,核心问题在于转速和磁链的估算,而转速传感器、电流传感器、电压传感器所给出的信号是进行估算的基础,传统驱动系统中当上述传感器出现故障时会被迫停机。本文将感应电机的四种基本控制方法进行融合,提出了一种新颖的容错控制方案,实现变频器在传感器故障条件下的容错运行,通过仿真和实验证明了所提出的控制方法的有效性。在系统地研究了感应电机电压型PWM变频器驱动系统的各种故障类型的基础上,本文对两种关键故障即输入电源缺相和驱动电路开路故障,进行了初步的数学分析。设计了输入缺相故障检测电路,并对故障情况下变频驱动系统的性能进行了仿真分析;针对驱动开路故障,在对平均电流Park矢量法进行仿真和实验研究的基础上,提出了改进的故障诊断方法,解决了传统方法会在突加、减负载及闭环控制时出现误诊断的问题,并通过仿真和实验研究进行了验证。最后,为了验证文中所述传感器故障的容错控制策略和驱动开路故障诊断方法,在实验室搭建7.5kW调速系统实验平台并进行系统实验,实验结果表明,采用本文提出的容错控制方法,与传统矢量控制方法相比,系统对传感器故障的容错能力获得了极大提升,通过本课题的研究,实现了在各种传感器故障情况下变频驱动系统的不间断运行。更多还原

【Abstract】 Induction motor drive system has been widely used in industrial, commercial and aerospace applications, etc, for its excellent speed control performance and energy saving. However, the complexity of the control strategy and the features of semiconductor results easily in various failures of the drive system. In some special applications, such as automotive and aerospace systems, nuclear power and hazardous chemical plants, there is significantly increasing demand for the drive system capable of high reliability, maintainability and survivability. Therefore, it is important to diagnose the system failures fast and accurately to improve the system reliability using fault-tolerant control strategy. To improve the fault-tolerant capability of the induction motor drive system, sensors malfunction and converter faults are researched in this paper.In induction motor drive system, the key technology is accurate estimation of the motor flux and speed. And the estimation is applied based on the signals of speed, current and voltage, which are sampled by various kinds of sensors. Consequently, the conventional drive system will have to halt to prevent an even worse damage when sensor failures encountered. This paper investigated four different control strategies of induction machine drive system and proposed a tolerant control scheme based on data fusion. Simulation and experimental results verify the validity of the proposed scheme.Furthermore, this paper analyzed various types of faults of PWM voltage source inverter and performed theoretical analysis for the input supply single line to ground fault and the IGBT base drive open fault. The diagnosis circuit was designed for input supply single line to ground fault and the performance of the driver system was studied on the fault condition. A modified current vector method for the diagnosis of IGBT base drive open fault was proposed for the diagnosis of IGBT base drive open fault based on the simulation and experiment of the Park vector method. At last the validity of proposed method was verified by simulation and experiment.At last, to validate the validity and performance of the fault-tolerant method and the fault diagnosis method, all the methods presented above are applied in the 7.5kW induction motor drive system. The experimental results demonstrated that the fault-tolerant capability of the driver system is improved greatly comparing with the conventional vector control system. By adopting the proposed method, continuous operation of the inverter are achieved in the event of losing some or all sensors.更多还原