【作者】 李天辉；

【导师】 张哲； 雷自强；

【作者基本信息】 西北师范大学 ， 高分子化学与物理， 2010， 硕士

【摘要】 目前,水污染对发展中国家来说是一个非常严重的问题。我国政府提出经济可持续发展,污水的处理受到了高度的重视。污水处理研究的重点是寻找储量丰富、廉价、性能优异的水处理剂。粘土坡缕石由于储量大、价廉、改性后吸附性能好等优点,引起人们的广泛关注。本文对粘土坡缕石进行改性,并且用于污水的处理。全文共分四章:第一章、污水处理技术的综述污水的成分主要包括有机污染物、毒性污染物、放射性污染物和油类污染物。污水可以分为:工业污水、农业污水和城市污水。其中工业污水污染范围广,污染物种类多、浓度大、危害大、防治难。工业污水处理的方法有化学法,物理法,生物法等。坡缕石粘土有特殊的结构和性质,研究用于污水的处理取得了一定的成果。第二章、坡缕石粘土的结构和性能研究用TG、SEM、TEM、IR、Zeta粒径和电位、氮气吸附和脱附,对坡缕石的结构和性能进行了分析和表征,并且研究了坡缕石对铅离子的吸附能力和吸附行为。坡缕石粘土微孔较多,孔容为0.243 cm3/g,比表面积为143 m2/g, Zeta电位为23mV。通过焙烧和酸化处理,能使坡缕石粘土表面积增大,吸附性增强。焙烧温度选择400℃,酸化浓度选择2mol/L为佳。将坡缕石粘土对铅离子的吸附等温线与Langmuir等温式及Freundlich等温式相比较,吸附更符合Langmuir等温式。酸化坡缕石对铅离子最大吸附量是166.7mg/g。第三章、坡缕石粘土表面接枝聚合物吸附剂的制备和性能制备了坡缕石粘土表面接枝聚合吸附剂,并且用热重、电镜、元素分析对其进行表征和分析。硅烷偶联剂水解聚合反应速度受反应温度和溶液pH值的影响。制备最佳条件是:温度为80℃,溶液pH值为3。用坡缕石粘土表面接枝聚合吸附剂对工业废水和品红溶液进行处理,结果发现吸附剂脱色、除臭能力较强、对油类也有一定吸附能力。第四章、坡缕石粘土、丙烯酸和马来酸酐接枝共聚物吸附剂的制备和性能研究了坡缕石接枝共聚物吸附剂的制备,并用红外、扫描电镜进行分析和表征。研究了吸附剂对苯胺的吸附能力和吸附行为。吸附剂对苯胺具有好的吸附性,吸附行为符合物理吸附,吸附过程符合Freundlich等温式,吸附过程也是二级动力学过程。总之,改性坡缕石用于污水的处理时,对重金属、油类、有机物具有较强的吸附能力。改性坡缕石具有环境友好和廉价的优点,在污水处理中具有广泛的用途。更多还原

【Abstract】 At present, water pollution is a serious problem for many developing countries. Waste water treatment technique is highly valued by Chinese government, which reinforce sustainable economic development policy. The study of wastewater is focus on to find an abundant, cheap and excellent water treatment agent. The palygorskite, has the advantages of abundant reserves, low prices and strong adsorption, attracted extensive attention. So, in this study, the palygorskite was modificated and applied to waste water.The thesis consist of four chapters as follows:Chapter 1:Reviews of treatment technique for waste water.The components of waste water including organic pollutants, toxic pollutants, radioactive contaminants, and oil contaminants. waste water can be divided into three types: industrial waste water, agricultural wastewater and urban wastewater. Among many waste water, the industrial waste water has wide range of pollution and great harm, which is difficult to prevention. the treatment methods of industrial waste water is chemical, physical, biological method, and so on. Palygorskite clay has a special structure, and the study of waste water treatment has made some achievements. Chapter 2: The structure and properties of palygorskite.The palygorskite structure and properties were characterized by TG, SEM, TEM, IR, Zeta size and potential, nitrogen adsorption and desorption. And the adsorption of lead ions and adsorption behavior of palygorskite are also studied. Palygorskite has many porous, the pore volume, specific surface area and Zeta potential are 0.243 cm3/g ,143 m2/g and 23 mV, respectively. The calcination and acid treatment can increase the surface area and adsorption of palygorskite. The optimum conditions is calcination temperature selection 400℃and acid concentration 2 mol/L. The adsorption isotherm of Palygorskite on lead ion is in accordance with the Langmuir isotherm and the Freundlich isotherm, but, the Langmuir isotherm is better. The maximum adsorption of lead ions on acidified palygorskite reach to 166.7mg/g. Chapter 3:The preparation and properties of palygorskite adsorbent.Palygorskite adsorbent was prepared by surface graft polymerization and characterized by the thermogravimetry, electron microscopy and elemental analysis. Hydrolysis polymerization rate of silane coupling depends on the reaction temperature and pH vaue. The best preparation conditions is: temperature of 80℃, and pH = 3. Palygorskite sorbents, has a strong adsorptive power and deodorizing ability, also has some of oil absorption capacity for industrial waste water and fuchsin solution. Chapter 4: The preparation and properties of palygorskite, acrylic acid and maleic anhydride copolymer adsorbent.The palygorskite copolymer adsorbent was prepared and characterized with IR, and SEM. We studied adsorption behavior of our adsorbent on aniline. The results show that our adsorbent has a good adsorption of aniline, consistent with physical adsorption, with Freundlich adsorption isotherm and two dynamic processes.In short, the modified palygorskite has a strong adsorption capacity for heavy metals, oils, organic matter when used for waste water. Modified palygorskite has the advantages of environmentally friendly and low-priced, for that reason, it has wide range of uses in waste water treatment.更多还原