【作者】 努尔巴哈提·吐尔逊；

【导师】 地木拉提·奥迈尔；

【作者基本信息】 新疆师范大学 ， 民族学， 2010， 硕士

【副题名】以沙湾县当代哈萨克族萨满为个案

【摘要】 该论文通过人类学的理论分析和研究方法,利用影视技术的记录方式对沙湾县一位都市萨满和一位牧区的萨满对比研究和分析,对仪式过程和成为萨满的经过以及对各种疾病的治疗过程的采访和记录来体现《神与灵的选择》这部影视人类学影片,并完成毕业论文。论文包括两大部分,一部分为论文写作,另一部分拍摄、制作完成一部人类学影片。论文中描写影片所体现的采访内容、仪式过程以外分析了萨满教的世界观、萨满的社会地位、身份等问题,并通过仪式理论、象征概念说明仪式过程中所遇见的符号系统。本项课题的研究思路是根据人类学的田野调查原则为前提,通过影视记录方式去体现《神与灵的选择》。《神与灵的选择》该影片的初步主题为萨满的成长过程,而不是萨满世界的描写,而且文本写作也不是简单的描写《神与灵的选择》人类学影片的内容,而是影片作为主线,通过人类学的理论来解读和分析这两位萨满有关的社会关系和仪式过程。文化具有时代性特点以外,还具有地域性特点,哈萨克族萨满教也不例外,虽然萨满教是突厥语诸民族普遍信仰过的和继续信仰的文化现象,但是维吾尔、哈萨克、柯尔克孜等民族中的萨满教也具有各民族独有的特点,游牧民族具有游牧社会特色的部分,农耕民族具有农业生产相关的内容,不同的时代也给萨满教赋予了不同的文化含量。新疆哈萨克族的萨满教处在一种文化变迁、社会转型、生机方式发生变化的时期,因此,哈萨克族萨满教和萨满为了适应当代社会,在举行仪式时也开始借用现代工业带来的新“工具”。随着时代的变迁传统的萨满法器阔布孜被冬布拉代替,有时冬布拉被录音机代替,但要求必须放冬布拉曲。就因为这样笔者拍摄了一位萨满的几种仪式过程,通过这些仪式可以明显的发现,当代哈萨克萨满所面临的问题和适应社会的紧迫感。论文总分四章,第一章为绪论。主要探讨文献综述、选题理由、选点、研究方法等问题。第二章重点分析和说明拍摄《神与灵的选择》影片时所使用的拍摄原则、创作理念、拍摄技巧以及影片的整体框架和结构。该影片是没有准备脚本的前提下完成的,但是拍摄之前也会有一些拍摄思路、提前了解萨满的生活(不只是两位萨满,是分布在不同地区的哈萨克萨满的仪式和他们的观点)后深入田野拍摄完成。第三章是影片的内容。该章节不是简单的描写影片中的内容,而是重点体现影片中的两位哈萨克萨满,并在访谈两位萨满的成长过程中所涉及到的访谈人物加以说明并分析,说明哈萨克萨满成为萨满所经历的一些环节和遵守的禁忌(规则)。该章节里还进行几种关系的分析,普通人、萨满、安拉、鬼魂、精灵、病人等的复杂关系。第四章是总结性的理论分析。分析哈萨克萨满在当代社会中的社会地位和身份的变化、萨满仪式的象征分析以及当代社会制度和社会转型过程中萨满面临的社会问题及其适应过程。更多还原

【Abstract】 The subject through theoretical analysis and anthropological research methods, use of video recording technology, a city on Shawan shaman and a pastoral comparative research and analysis。On the ritual process and become a shaman after the treatment of various diseases and the process of interviews and records to reflect the " The choices of God and Soul" this visual anthropology film, and complete the thesis. Paper consists of two parts, one for the thesis,Another part of the film, produced an anthropological film. Paper describes the content of video interviews reflected the ceremony outside the course of a shaman’s world view, shaman’s social status, identity and other issues, Theory through the ceremony to symbolize the concept of an elaborate ceremony in the course of the symbol systems meet.The key topic of thinking is based on the principle of anthropological field research on the premise, by way of video recording to reflect the Shaman way. Shaman The Way of the film’s initial theme shaman growth process, rather than the description of shaman in the world, and text writing is not a simple description of " The choices of God and Soul " anthropological film content,But the movie as the main line, through the anthropological theory to interpret and analyze the social relations between the two shamans and ritual process.Cultural characteristics of the times, it also has regional characteristics, Kazakh shamanism is no exception, although shamanism is a Turkic nationalities in general believed in and continued belief in the cultural phenomenon,However, the Uygur, Kazak and Kirgiz nationalities Shamanism also has unique features of all ethnic groups, nomads have some characteristics of the nomadic community, farming nation in agricultural production associated with the content,Different era to shamanism given different cultural content. Kazak Shamanism in a cultural transformation, social transformation, change in the way of life period,Therefore, the Kazakh shamanism and shaman in order to adapt to contemporary society, in the event, began to use modern industry to the new "tools." With the change of the traditional shaman ceremonial instruments width Buzi was replaced by Brad Winter, Winter Brain is sometimes replaced by tape recorders, but asked to be released winter Bula song. For this reason the author of several shooting of a shaman ritual process, through which the ceremony is obvious to the contemporary problems faced by Kazakh shamans and adapt to the community a sense of urgency. Paper Total chapters, the first chapter is an introduction. Investigate the literature review, topics reason, site selection, research methods and other issues.The second chapter focuses on analysis and description of shooting, "Shaman of the Road" video shoot when the principle used, creative ideas, skills and shooting video of the overall framework and structure. The film is not prepared to complete the premise of the script, but the film will have some shooting before thinking, advance understanding of Shaman’s life (not just the two Shaman, is distributed in different regions of Kazakhstan and their shaman ritual view) taken after the in-depth field to complete.The third chapter is the film’s content. The chapter is not a simple description of video content, but the focus is on two Kazakh films shaman and shaman in the interviews of two of the growth process involved interviews with people to explain and analyze, explain Kazakh shaman be experienced by some sectors of the shaman and compliance with the taboo (rules). Several of the chapters also conducted analysis of the relationship, ordinary people, shaman, Allah, ghosts, elves, patient, and the complex relationship。Chapter IV is a summary of the theory. Analysis of the Kazakh shaman in contemporary society’s social status and identity changes, shaman ritual and symbolic analysis of contemporary social system and social transformation in the social problems facing the shaman and their adaptive social process.更多还原