【作者】 诸葛语丹；

【导师】 陈宗波；

【作者基本信息】 广西师范大学 ， 法学理论， 2011， 硕士

【摘要】 现代社会,专业化分工越来越细致,各领域职业分工越来越高度专业化,而这种社会高度分工的格局在著作权领域最明显的表现之一就是委托创作日益普遍。委托创作满足了委托人对特定作品的需求,也实现了受托人专业知识的社会价值与经济价值。但与此同时,委托创作中侵犯第三人著作权的案例也越来越多,越来越复杂。而对于这一社会问题,由于理论研究上针对性不足和立法上不够完善,使司法实践中判决的法律适用不统一,责任承担方式不一致,导致出现同案不同判和责任分配不合理等问题,未能实现司法审判社会效果的最大化。因此,对委托创作著作权侵权民事责任(文中简称委托创作著作权侵权责任)进行深入研究,具有重大的理论意义与现实意义。委托创作著作权侵权责任可能涉及到民事责任、刑事责任和行政责任,但本文仅对与委托创作著作权侵权有关的民事责任进行研究,并对其加以类型化整合,明确其适用规则,实现侵权责任的合理分配,为司法实践提供理论支持。具体思路是,首先从厘清一些主要概念入手,接着依委托创作著作权侵权的现实表现形式,把委托创作著作权侵权责任分为三大类,即受托人的单独侵权责任、委托人的替代侵权责任,以及委托人和受托人的共同侵权责任。最后按照基本理论、责任归责原则、责任构成要件和民事责任方式展开类型化分析。全文共分为引言、正文和结论三大部分。论文的引言部分介绍了本文研究的背景和研究的意义、国内外研究现状、研究内容和研究方法,以及创新和不足。正文共分五个部分：第一部分“委托创作的概念、特征及委托创作合同的性质”主要是对委托创作的基本理论进行阐述。这个部分首先界定委托创作的概念,并分析委托创作的特征,从分析委托创作的特征可知,委托创作中容易产生对第三人的著作权侵权问题。接着对委托创作合同的性质进行分析,明确委托创作合同是一种无名合同,所以在发生委托创作著作权侵权纠纷时,不适用目前与有名合同相关的侵权责任承担方式,而应对其做深入研究。第二部分“委托创作著作权侵权责任的基本理论和责任类型”通过对委托创作著作权侵权责任的概念、特征、侵权表现形式进行分析,并与一般著作权侵权责任作比较,指出应当将委托创作著作权责任作类型化研究。然后依据委托创作侵权的特征和现实表现形式,将委托创作著作权侵权责任分为三大类：受托人的单独侵权责任、委托人的替代侵权责任,以及委托人和受托人的共同侵权责任。这是本文的创新点所在。第三部分“受托人单独侵权责任研究”主要是从受托人侵权责任类型、责任归责原则、责任构成要件和民事责任方式等方面,对受托人单独著作权侵权责任进行系统分析。因替代侵权责任制度的存在,受托人对第三人并非一定承担完全的自己责任,受托人责任的承担方式在委托人替代侵权责任的论述中加以明确。第四部分“委托人的替代侵权责任研究”主要结合一般替代侵权责任理论和受托人单独侵权责任理论展开论述。在明确一般理论的基础上对委托人替代侵权责任进行分析,接着在受托人单独侵权责任的基础上,依委托人和受托人过错程度,把委托人替代责任承担方式分为四种,即委托人的完全替代责任、委托人的补充连带责任、委托人和受托人的按份责任及委托人和受托人的连带责任。替代侵权责任制度一方面体现了民法上责任报偿理论和公平原则,另一方面,也促使委托人对受托人的创作行为尽合理审查注意义务与监控义务,减少委托创作中侵权行为的发生。第五部“委托人和受托人共同侵权责任研究”结合共同侵权责任的一般理论和一般著作权侵权责任理论展开论述。依据委托人和受托人共同侵权的三种不同的侵权表现形式,在归责原则、责任构成要件和民事责任方式等方面作了区别分析,同时也对委托人和受托人的相关责任问题作了区别对待,力求在责任分配上体现民法上的责任自负原则及公平原则,同时也充分保障第三人的权利救济。研究结果表明,通过对委托创作著作权侵权责任的类型化分析,在不同的责任类型中,合理分配委托人和受托人的著作权侵权民事责任,既体现了民法上的责任报偿理论、责任自负原则及公平原则,也有利于充分保障第三人著作权的权利救济和提高司法效益。同时在合理的责任分配格局之下,使委托人和受托人在委托创作中权衡侵权成本,一定程度上遏制了委托创作著作权侵权行为的产生,有利于委托创作市场和谐有序地发展。更多还原

【Abstract】 In modern society, with the development of the more and more specialized division of labor, the professional division of labor in various areas becomes more highly specialized, and the most obvious is that the pattern of the height division of labor of entrust creation in the field of copyrights is becoming more and more common in society. The entrust creation that meets the special demand on particular works of consignor, and also realizes the social value and economic value of the consignee’s professional knowledge. At the meanwhile, the cases of the infringement of the third party copyright in entrust creation is increasing and more complicated. At present, the discrepancy between the theory research and legislation make imperfect uniform in application of law and bearing liability, leading to different sentences with the same cases, unfair apportionment of liability and poor social result in the judicial practice. Therefore, it is of great theory and realistic significance to further research the copyright infringement liability of entrust creation.The purpose of this paper is to analyze systemically the copyright infringement liability of entrusted creation to clearly define the reasonable distribution of the copyright infringement liability of entrust creation to ensure the rights remedy of the third party’s copyrights to enhance the judicial efficiency. The concrete ideas are as follows:first to clarify the main concepts and then divide the copyright infringement liability of entrust creation based on the realistic manifestations of copyright infringement liability of entrust creation into three categories, namely the separate tort liability of consignee, the vicarious liability of consignor and the common infringement liability of both consignor and consignee. And finally to spread typification research based on the forms of basic theory, imputation principles of liability, constitution elements of liability and the civil liability.The paper is composed of six parts:introduction, five parts of main body and conclusion.The preface part of this paper is to introduce the background and the significance of paper, the current research situation at home and abroad, the methods and contents of the research, and the innovation points and disadvantages.The body is vided into five parts:The first part-to elaborate the basic theory of entrust creation by the definition of entrust creation, its features and characteristics of entrust creation contract. First to define the concept the entrust creation and analyze the characteristics of entrust creation and to know that the entrust creation easily leads to the liability of the third party’s copyrights infringement by analyzing the characteristics of entrust works, and then to analyze the features of the entrust creation contract to define clearly the entrust creation contract as a nameless contract hence when it comes to the dispute of copyrights infringement of entrust creation it is not applicable to relevant tort liability mode of name contract and it should be further researched.The second part—be basic theory of entrust creation copyrights infringement liability and the liability types, by the concept, characteristics and the modes of infringement of the copyrights infringement of entrust creation and the comparisons of the entrust creation copyrights infringement and common copyrights infringement, pointing out the liability of entrust creation copyrights infringements should be spread researched. And then based on the characteristics of entrust creation copyrights infringement and realistic manifestations, the liability of entrust creation copyrights infringements is classified as three categories, namely tortious liability of individual copyrights of consignor, the vicarious liability of consignor and the common copyright infringement liability of both consignor and consignee. That is the innovative point of this paper.The third part—the research of separate tort liability of consignee mainly to analyze systematically tortious liability of individual copyrights of consignor by the forms of the tort liability type of consignee, imputation principles of liability, constitution elements of liability and the civil liability. Because of the existence of the system of vicarious liability, the consignee to the third party is not necessarily assume complete personal responsibility and the mode of the consignee bearing liability should be clearly defined in the statement of the consignor vicarious liability.The fourth part—the vicarious liability of consigner is to elaborate mainly by combining the theory of vicarious liability and copyrights infringement and the common liability theory. To analyze the vicarious liability of consignor based on the clear definition of common vicarious liability and then according to the civil liability of consignee’s separate infringement and the fault degree of consignor and consignee, to reasonably distribute the infringement liabilities of the consignor and consignee and there are three modes of bearing liabilities, i.e. completely vicarious liability of consignor, the shared liabilities of both consignor and consignee, and the joint liability of consignor and consignee. Vicarious liability system on one hand to reflect the the principles of liability repay and fairness, on the other hand, it also enable to make the creation behaviors of both the consignor and consignee more reasonably in the manner of duty care obligation and monitoring obligation to reduce the occurrence of infringement behavior in the entrust creation.The fifth part—the research of the common tortious liability of both consignor and consignee, and to spread elaborate it by combining the common principle of joint tort and the universal principle of entrust creation infringement. In accordance with the different tort forms of the both consignor and consignee at the same joint torts, and to whom make a difference between in the forms of tort form, imputation principles of liability, constitution elements of liability and the civil liability, etc. Vicarious liability system on one hand to reflect on one’s own responsibility and the principles of fairness.The final research shows that to typed analyze the copyright infringement liability of entrust creation, at different liability types, to realize the reasonable distribution of copyrights infringement liability between the consignor and consignee, that indicates the principle of liability compensation theory and fairness principle and at the same time it is good to fully guarantee the right remedy and enhance the judicial efficiency of the third copyrights.更多还原