【作者】 何妮；

【导师】 谭志君；

【作者基本信息】 湘潭大学 ， 刑法学， 2011， 硕士

【摘要】 受传统司法观念影响,以往人们认为,刑事追诉是国家司法机关的职权行为,被害人的态度如何不在考虑之列。实际上,在整个公诉案件当中,被害人的意见虽然无法左右法官对犯罪人的定罪审判,但被害人的情绪和态度等因素或多或少都会对整个量刑的过程或判决的结果产生一定的影响。将被害人谅解因素引入量刑已然成为当今世界刑罚理论与实践发展的一个重要方向。综合考察被害人谅解概念的内涵与外延,我们可以将被害人谅解行为定义为被害人在犯罪行为发生之后,以明示或默示方式作出的谅解行为人,不予追究亦或建议对其从宽处罚的行为。理论上认为,被害人谅解是能够对量刑产生影响的一个重要的酌定量刑情节。量刑中引入被害人谅解情形是人本主义刑法观的体现,其基本价值诉求即是以人为本,实践中看来,这一重要量刑情节也发挥了诸多的价值。鉴于被害人谅解对量刑的重要影响,司法中应高度重视被害人谅解情节的适用,而欲使被害人谅解情节在司法中得以正确适用,被害人谅解情节的法定化是关键。在此逻辑思考的基础之上,我们发现,无论从理论、实践还是立法的角度考虑,被害人谅解情节的法定化都已具备了充足的正当性依据。然而,目前在我国的刑法中,关于被害人谅解情节的规定并不明确,只散见于相关的法规条文之中,更没有一个合理统一的适用标准,给司法实践工作造成了一定的困难,引发了一系列的问题。立足于我国目前的立法现状,以及出于司法规范需要的考虑,被害人谅解情节法定化的实现路径不仅应在立法规范上予以合理设计,比如在总则中明确将被害人谅解作为法定量刑情节,同时还需要将法定化的被害人谅解情节在司法解释中进一步明确化、标准化,以指导其在司法活动中的正确运用。另外,还要防范处理实践中遇到或者可能遇到的一些争议问题,并辅以相关的运行制度,才能真正使被害人谅解情节的法定化物尽其能,发挥更大的效力。更多还原

【Abstract】 In people’s traditional viewpreviously, criminal prosecutionwas carried out by national judicial authority without considering the attitude of the victims. Indeed, while in the case of public prosecution, the victimscan not control the judge’s conviction of crime, but the whole sentencing process and the results have been more or less affectedby the decisions of the emotions and attitudes of victims and other factors. Introducedthe forgiveness factors of victims in the sentencing has become an important direction of development in the punishment theory and practice of the world.Victims’forgiveness is aact that the victims made to forgive the perpetrator by expressly or implicitly after the person committed the crime, not to pursue or proposed to mitigate the perpetrator’s criminal responsibility. Scholars generally believe that it is an important discretionary sentencing which can have an impact on the sentencing. Introducedthe forgiveness factors of victims in the sentencing is the embodiment of the humanistic view of criminal law.Its basic value is the aspirations of people-oriented. It also seems played a lot of value in practice. Given its importanceinfluence on sentencing, justice should attach great importance to the plot for victims’forgiveness. However, a purport to be correctly applied in the administration of justice, the key is to legalize it. Reflections on the basis of this logic, we found that, in terms of theory, practical and legislative point of view, the legalization of victims’forgiveness plot have had sufficient basis for legitimacy.However, in China’s current criminal law, the provisions onvictims’forgiveness plot is not clear, only scattered among the relevant statutory provisions and hadn’t a uniform application of reasonable standard, which caused some difficulties in the judicial practice and led to Series of problems. Based on the status of current legislation and the need for the consideration of judicial norms, the path to realize the legalization of victims’forgiveness plot should not only reasonably designed in the legislative norms. We also need to make the legislated plot further clear in the judicial application to guide its proper use in the judicial activities. Additionally, we must prevent or deal with some contentious issues may be encountered in practice and supplement relevant operating system, which can really make the legislated victims’forgiveness plot do their best and play a greater更多还原