【作者】 杨军；

【导师】 郭勇；

【作者基本信息】 成都理工大学 ， 电路与系统， 2011， 硕士

【摘要】 地震勘探仪器是地震勘探过程中的重要核心装备，自主研发地震数据采集记录系统在战略、技术需求、竞争保障以及市场需求等方面都有非常重要的现实意义和深远的历史意义。我国石油对外依存程度逐年攀升，已严重影响到了国家的经济持续、稳定发展乃至国家安全，解决这一问题的根本路径就是提升我国自主石油勘探开发能力，研制出具有自主知识产权的新一代高精度数字化地震数据采集系统是石油勘探行业的迫切要求。本文依托国家863项目“全数字万道高精度地震数字采集系统”，结合项目实际研发过程中的技术积累，以高精度Σ-Δ型A/D转换和CPLD技术为主体架构，完成了高分辨率地震数据采集站系统的设计。本文主要围绕地震勘探仪器中的数据采集站进行设计。采集站的数据采集功能主要依据高精度的Σ-Δ型A/D转换技术来实现，以CPLD芯片作为数据处理及传输的核心构件，结合RS-485数据传输方式实现数据的远程传送。设计中集成了多路信号选择分配单元、可编程放大器、多采样率的24位Σ-Δ型ADC、数字抽取滤波器配置地震数据采集系统，并以8051单片机来同步系统的采集动作，利用基于CPLD/FPGA为核心的数字设计对采集数据进行处理，软件采用VerilogHDL代码结合门级原理图设计完成，提高了数据处理速度和精度，同时也优化了整个系统硬件电路设计的规模，最终以RS-485实现远程传输将采集数据叠加送入PC主机。本文从课题研制必要性、国内外相关研究的动态分析、实现方法等方面入手，对整个系统的设计做了详细的理论分析和阐述。论文主要取得了以下的研究成果：完成了采集站硬件电路原理图设计，并对采集站进行了小批量的PCB制板；CPLD芯片结合软件实现了整个数据处理及传输功能，通过仿真验证了逻辑功能的正确性；在采集站系统硬件和软件正确实现的基础上，对30道采集站连接调试，在两种工作模式下分别得到了30道正弦波形图和地震检波器采集的地震波信号图；整个系统的电源模块在设计时多选用各种低功耗的电源转换芯片，明显的降低了整个系统的功耗。系统设计主要的先进性及创新性主要体现在：采用高精度的24位Σ-Δ型ADC很好的提高了采集数据的分辨率及动态范围；采用基于CPLD的数字逻辑设计方式在硬件方面降低了电路设计的硬件规模,软件部分也易于仿真和测试;系统中电源模块的低功耗设计能够减少在野外实际勘探中蓄电池的使用数量,对降低人力、物力和财力有很大好处。地震数据采集站系统的成功设计,为项目的最终目标“开发具有十万道级的数字地震采集系统”打下了坚实的基础。更多还原

【Abstract】 Seismic exploration instrument is the important equipment in process of seismic exploration. Independent researching and designing seismic data acquisition recording system have a very important realistic meaning and profound historic significance in strategies, technical requirements, competition security and markets demands. The degree of China’s oil foreign dependence climbs up every year. It has seriously affected the country’s economic sustainable, stable development and national security. To solve this problem, upgrading our country’s independent oil exploration and exploitation ability is the fundamental path. Developing the new generation high precision digital seismic data acquisition system of proprietary intellectual property rights is the urgent requirement of oil exploration industry. This paper relies on the state 863 project“digital million channel high precision seismic digital acquisition system”. With the technical accumulation in project actual development process, the high precisionΣ-△A/D conversion and CPLD technology as the main body structure, this paper designs high resolution seismic data DAU system.This paper mainly proceeds in designing for the DAU of seismic exploration instrument. Data acquisition functions of DAU mainly based on high precisionΣ-△A/D conversion technology to realize, with CPLD chip as the core components of data processing and transmission. Using RS-485 data transmission method to realize data remote transmit. The design integrated multi-channel signals select distribute unit, programmable amplifiers, 24 bitsΣ-△ADC of many sampling rate and digital extraction filter to configuration seismic data acquisition system. With 8051 microcontroller to sync system collect action. Using digital design technology based on CPLD/FPGA to process collect data. Using Verilog HDL code and gate schematic to complete software designing improve the data processing speed and precision and optimize the scale of the whole system hardware circuit design. Finally using RS-485 to realize the remote transmission and stack the collected data into PC.This paper develops from the topic necessity, the domestic and foreign relevant research dynamic analysis and realization method etc and makes a detailed theoretical analysis and description of the whole system. This paper mainly obtains the following research achievements: Completing the hardware circuit schematic design and carrying through a small amount PCB’s manufacture of DAU; CPLD chip combining with software realizes the whole data processing and transmission function, and verify the correctness of the logic function by the simulation; On the basis of correctly realizing DAU system hardware and software, Connecting and debugging 30-channel DAU, Under the two work patterns we get 30-channel sine wave figure and seismic wave signal figure of seismometer; The power module of seismic data acquisition transmission system based on low power consumption process in the design and used various kinds of low power consumption conversion chip as many as possible, Significantly reducing the whole system power consumption.The advancement and innovativeness of system design mainly reflects as follow: The high precision 24 bitsΣ-△ADC is good at increasing resolution and dynamic range of acquisition data; using digital logic design based on CPLD reduces the hardware scale of circuit design, The software part is easy to simulate and test; the low-power consumption considering of system power supply module can reduce the batter’s quantity in field actual exploration and is good for reducing human, material and financial resources. The successful design of seismic data DAU system laid a solid foundation for the project’s ultimate goal of“develop digital seismic acquisition system with 100,000-channel”.更多还原