【作者】 秦雪梅；

【导师】 霍贵成；

【作者基本信息】 东北农业大学 ， 食品科学， 2011， 硕士

【摘要】 母乳喂养是最好的喂养方式,这种喂养方式被人们广泛接受。母乳为婴儿提供了生长和消化所需的所有生长元素。它不但能够增进母亲和婴儿的感情,而且含有免疫调节因子,对婴儿的免疫系统的发育有很好的作用。母乳喂养的婴儿抗消化道和呼吸道感染的能力较强。母乳喂养的这种作用在发展中国家较突出显著,在发达国家也有相似的保护效益。尽管母乳对新生婴儿是最好的选择,但是当母乳喂养不可能满足或足够的时候,母乳替代品起着必不可少的作用。婴儿配方粉的设计应该提供给婴儿最佳生长和发育需要的营养。研究婴儿配方粉,主要集中在母乳的主要生物活性成分上;并不是模拟精确的母乳组成,而是达到母乳喂养的生物功能。婴儿配方奶粉中的脂肪主要来自植物油或反刍动物乳脂肪,其脂肪酸组成与分布都与母乳脂肪有着显著的差异,这些差异会导致脂肪消化过程中钙皂等问题的出现,影响婴儿体内钙离子和脂肪的吸收。据报道低聚糖可以促进钙,镁等离子的吸收,具有通便、活化矿物质吸收及降脂功能。本文通过研究完全母乳喂养婴儿粪便的主要成分,发现完全母乳喂养婴儿的粪便水分含量高达85.79%。脂肪酸含量主要是C4:0,占73.51%;C8:0,占12.6%,其他种类脂肪酸含量很少,氨基酸种类比较丰富,八种必需氨基酸都被检测到。Ca,Mg等含量比较丰富,充分说明母乳母乳喂养是最好的喂养方式,母乳为婴儿提供了正常生长和消化条件的所有生长元素。通过低聚糖果糖GOS,低聚糖半乳糖FOS,聚葡萄糖POL对婴儿肠道菌群的益生作用分析,得出FOS能被双歧杆菌所利用,主要代谢产物是丙酸、叶酸和乳酸,POL主要代谢成乙酸盐和丙酸盐,而几乎不产生丁酸盐;与GOS和FOS相比,POL代谢产生了百分比更高的乙酸盐和更低的丁酸盐,更接近母乳益生元的状态。利用动物实验,设低剂量组和高剂量组验证低聚糖对脂肪酸,Ca,Mg等矿物质元素吸收的影响,证明了低聚糖能够促进脂肪酸和Ca的吸收。在服用低聚糖之前,粪便中的脂肪酸总量是5538.43μg/ml,在服用之后,脂肪酸的含量减少一半,在低剂量组低聚果糖达到2178.11μg/ml;在高剂量组乳糖为1659.76μg/ml,但是和母乳喂养的婴儿粪便的脂肪酸组成相相比,母乳喂养婴儿粪便中主要是C4:0和C8:0,在实验组,各个剂量组的脂肪酸种类只要是C18:0,C18:0是饱和脂肪酸,不容易被人体消化吸收,达不到母乳对脂肪酸消化吸收的效果,还有待于进行进一步的研究。在矿物质元素的测定方面,研究表明低聚糖可以有效的促进Ca,Mg等的吸收,由此说明低聚糖可以促进脂肪酸和Ca的吸收,可以减少钙皂的形成,减少婴儿便秘的发生。本文采用荧光原位杂交结合流式细胞仪对粪便菌群定量和定性分析,说明低聚糖可以有效的改善肠道微生物的定植状态,促进双歧杆菌的生长,由此促进肠道蠕动,同时可以增加婴儿粪便的含水量。综合多因素考虑,低聚糖添加到婴儿食品中可以减少婴儿便秘的发生,有一定的益生作用。更多还原

【Abstract】 For infants, breastfeeding is the best method of feeding which is widely accepted. breast milk provide normal growth and all the necessary growth elements of digestion for the babies. It not only enhances the feelings of the mother and baby, but also contains immune factors which has a very good role on the development of the baby’s immune system.Breastfed babies have better ability againsting to gastrointestinal and respiratory infections. This effect of breastfeeding is significantly more prominent in developing countries, in developed countries also have similar protective benefits.Although breast milk for newborn babies is the best choice, when breastfeeding can not be met or insufficient, the breast-milk substitutes play an indispensable role.Powdered infant formula should be designed to providing optimal growth and development for infant nutritional needs.In this paper, in order to improving the quality of infant formula powder, we mainly researched the main bioactive components of milk.Main goal is not to simulate the exact composition of breast milk, but to have the biological function of breastfeeding. the adipose in the Infant formula primarily is from vegetable oil or fat in ruminant milk fat, the fatty acid composition and distribution are significant difference with milk fat.These differences will lead to calcium soap in fat digestion and affecting absorption of calcium and fat in baby vivo. It is reported that oligosaccharides can promote the calcium and magnesium ions absorbed, with the function of constipation, mineral absorption and activation of lipid-lowering.This article studyed the main component of manure which Exclusively breastfed infants eliminated,found that manure that exclusively breastfed infants content water up to 85.79%,fatty acids are mainly C4:0 accounted for 73.51%; C8:0 accounted for 12.6%, few of other types of fatty acids,Contains many amino acids and detected eight essential amino acids. Manure contains large amounts of Ca,Mg and Other elements,which show that breastfeeding is the best breast-feeding,because breast milk provide all elements for normal growth and the growth of digestive conditions for the babies.By analyzing probiotic role of GOS, FOS and POL to the intestinal flora,we found Acetic acid, propionic acid,folic acid and lactic acid which were producted by degradation of the FOS; Acetate and propionate were producted by degradation of the FOS; POL producted highe percentage of acetate and lower percentage of butyrate which Closer to breast milk prebiotics. Using animal experiments,we verified how oligosaccharides affect absorption of fatty acids, Ca, Mg.Animal experiments Proved oligosaccharides can promoted the absorption of fatty acids and Ca. Before taking oligosaccharides,the total Content fatty acids in feces is 5538.43μg/ml.After taking oligosaccharides,the total Content fatty acids in feces fatty acids reduced by half. Oligofructose in the low dose group reached 2178.11μg/ml;Lactose in the high dose group achieved 1659.76μg/ml.However,compared with the animal experiments,fecal of breast-feeding infants, fatty acid composition of C4:0 and C8:0 which is different from C18:0 and C18:0 that come form animal experiments group.C18:0 and C18:0 are saturated fatty acids which is not easily digested and absorbed by the body.The effect of breast milk is better than the Oligosaccharides of digestion and absorption,yet to be further study.In terms of determination of mineral elements,Studies have shown that oligosaccharides can effectively promote the absorption of Ca, Mg which Can reduce the formation of calcium soap and is good for reducing the incidence of infant constipation.Using fluorescence in situ hybridization and flow cytometry,from quantitative and qualitative analyzing of fecal flora,we found Oligosaccharide can effectively improving the intestinal microbial colonization status,Promoting the growth of Bifidobacterium, Promoting intestinal ipnefraisntta flosiosd asn add dInecdr eoalisginogsa tchceh awriadteesr ccaonn treendtu ocfe itnhfea nint cfiadeecnecse. oInf tiengfraantte dco mnsutlitpia-ftaiocnto. r to considered,更多还原