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杂交水稻不育系先丰A的选育及农艺性状研究
Studies on the Breeding and Agronomic Traits of Rice Cytoplasmic Male Sterile(CMS) Lines Xian Feng A
【作者】 易稳凯；
【导师】 陈光辉；
【作者基本信息】 湖南农业大学 ， 作物， 2010， 硕士
【摘要】 通过选育优质不育系先丰A,并对其特征特性、繁殖制种技术和农艺性状进行研究,结果表明：先丰A不育性稳定,花期集中,花时早,午前花比例高,柱头外露率高达82.3%,其中双边外露率达60%以上,柱头活力强,异交特性好；对“九二○”较敏感,繁殖、制种产量高,千粒重较小,相同重量所含种子粒数较多,因此可降低F1种子生产成本。大部分农艺性状的一般配合力和特殊配合力均达显著或极显著水平。株高、生育期、单株有效穗、每穗实粒数、结实率等性状的表现主要受基因非加性效应作用。所有性状受不育系的影响大于受恢复系的影响。参试的不育系以先丰A最为理想,恢复系以洪恢933最为理想。一般配合力与特殊配合力在各性状上均相互独立,因此,广泛测交是组合选配过程中一项必不可少的工作。各农艺性状狭义遗传力大小顺序为：千粒重>穗长>有效穗>单株重>理论产量>株高>穗实粒数>生育期>结实率。
【Abstract】 An new CMS line Xian Feng A with good quality was developed, its characteristics, breeding production technology and agronomic traits were studied, the main results were as follows:Xian Feng A shows a stable and complete male sterility, a relatively centralized blooming period with early blooming, high rates of forenoon blooming spikelets and stigma exsertion rate reached 82.3%,and double stigma exsertion rate was above 60%. It was good response to GA3, and had high hybrid seed production and yielding multiplication for its characteristic of strong stigma vigour and high outcrossing seed-seting rate. Besides these, It had more amount seed in the same weght because of its lower 1000-grain weight, therefore, seed cost of production can be reduced for farmers.The analysis for agronomic traits showed that both the general combining ability (GCA) and the specific combining ability (SCA) were significant or highly significant in most of traits. The plant height (PH),the growing period (GP), the panicles of per plant (PP), the spiketets of per panicle (SP), the seed setting rate (SSR) and so on were mainly controlled by the non-additive effect. All traits were greatly influenced by the CMS lines than the restorer lines. Based on GCA and SCA of the parents, Xian FengA was the most ideal in CMS lines, and Hong Hui 933 was the most ideal in restorer lines. Since the GCA and SCA were independent each other, it is essential to make broad testcrosses in selection of hybrid combinations. The narrow-sense heritability (h2N) of the traits were ranged as follows:1000-grain weight (GWP)>paniclelength (PL)>PP>grain weight of per plant (GWP)>Yield in theory(YT)>PH>SP>GP>SSR.