城市规划、建筑设计与犯罪预防

【作者】 张雷；

【导师】 陈浩然；

【作者基本信息】 复旦大学 ， 法律， 2010， 硕士

【摘要】 当代社会的刑事犯罪,高度集中在城市,使得城市犯罪拥有了固有的空间分布特征和强烈的城市空间色彩。因此,其空间行为的特征和分布理所当然地引起了现代犯罪学研究的关注。在城市犯罪预防的领域,利用城市规划、建筑设计中通过对城市空间环境的优化可以达到减少犯罪的目的。通过对城市规划和建筑物的设计以及它们所组成的空间环境进行客观分析,能够比较容易的改善城市的犯罪生态环境和地理环境,从而进一步的预防城市犯罪的产生。本文以城市空间特征为视角,结合国内外相关的犯罪学、城市规划、建筑设计等方面的研究,综合运用犯罪学中的“机会论”和规划设计中的通过环境设计预防犯罪(CPTED, Crime Prevention Through Environmental design)理论,选取上海市虹口区这一典型城区的多发性城市犯罪为研究对象,对多发性城市犯罪的城市的空间环境特征进行客观分析,确定城市空间环境因素对预防犯罪影响的程度和方式。本文依托上海市公安局警务信息系统,收集了虹口区抢劫、抢夺、入室盗窃、扒窃等多发性刑事案件以及卖淫嫖娼、吸毒、贩毒等城区常见治安案件的数据,从居住区、公共建筑、交通建筑等三个层次进行分析处理,进而研究城市空间和犯罪发生之间的联系和规律,尝试提出在城市规划和建筑设计过程中进行必要的调控,达到有效预防犯罪的作用。更多还原

【Abstract】 Criminal offense is highly concentrated in cities in contemporary society, which enables urban crime to have the inherent characteristics of the spatial distribution and violent urban intense space colors. Therefore, the characteristics of the spatial behavior and distribution have aroused the attention of the modern criminology research naturally. Therefore, using urban planning and the architectural design in the filed of the crime prevention, we can achieve the purpose of reducing crime by optimizing the urban space environment. Through objectively analysing the urban planning, the architectural design and the space enviornment composed of them two, we can relatively easily to improve the urban ecological and geograghical enviormrmrnt, then prevent the genernation of the urban crime. This article takes the urban space characteristic as an angle of view, unifies the domestic and foreign aspects and other related criminologies, urban planning and architectural design research, utilizes "the opportunity theory" in crime and CPTED (Crime Prevention Through Environmental design) theory synthetically. Then we select Shanghai Hongkou area-- a typical city with multiple urban crime as the object of our study, carry on the comparative external analysis to the city’s space environment characteristic with multiple urban crime to definite the degree and way the city space environment factors imposed on the prevention of crime influence. This article depends on the Shanghai Police station’s police service information system, collects multiple criminal cases as rob, grab, burglary in the inner rooms, steal and the data of common public security cases such as prostitution, takeing drugs, traffic in narcotics and so on in Hongkou area. Then we carry on the analysis processing from three levels --he community, the public building and the transportation construction, to further study the relation and the rule between the urban space and the crime, thus we attempt to raise to achieve the effective crime prevention function by carring on the essential regulation in urban planning and architectural design process.更多还原