【作者】 范俊瑛；

【导师】 田伟平；

【作者基本信息】 长安大学 ， 道路与铁道工程， 2011， 硕士

【摘要】 陕南地区公路边坡地质灾害的诱发因素较多,且不同的地质环境,不同的降雨条件下,公路边坡发生灾害的规模和类型也不同。目前山区公路的快速发展促进了区域经济的发展,但公路建设及运营也对周围环境的稳定性造成了一定的影响,公路灾害发生率越来越高,尤其是汛期降雨集中的时候,灾害的发生直接到了影响交通通畅和行车安全。因此,研究陕南公路边坡在降雨期间边坡稳定性的影响因素,建立降雨预警模型,制定应急预案和抢险措施,对公路建设和管理部门的防灾减灾工作有重要意义。首先,本文从地貌特征、岩性及地质构造、水文地质和降水等方面分析了陕南的自然环境概况,并通过历史灾害资料统计和实地调查,在分析公路地质灾害的基础上,总结陕南G316路段的主要地质灾害类型为崩塌、滑坡、泥石流。同时,文章针对不同的灾害类型提出了不同的监测方法。其次,分析了影响公路边坡的因素主要有地质因素(地形地貌、地质构造和新构造活动、地下水、边坡结构)和非地质因素(降雨因素、地震因素、人类不合理的工程经济活动),指出在众多影响因素中,降雨和边坡结构是最主要的影响因素。通过信息量预测法结合实地经验对陕南山区进行危险性分区,对公路灾害进行空间预测；通过降雨量的历史资料统计,建立有效降雨量预警模型,分析公路边坡的抗灾能力,对公路灾害进行时间预测；可以将时间预测和空间预测的结果进行耦合,进行区域内公路灾害的时空预测。最后,按照公路边坡地质灾害发生的规模及类型对其进行预警分级,根据不同的预警级别制定不同级别的应急响应程序。制定应急预案及应急抢险措施,为灾害发生时公路管理部门应急抢险提供依据。更多还原

【Abstract】 There are many factors can cause highway slope geological disasters in the southern of Shanxi, and different geological environments, different rainfall conditions, the size and type of the slope disasters are also different. The rapid development of mountain road is promoting the economic development, but also affecting the stability of the surrounding environment. The increasing of road hazards affect the traffic smoothly and driving safety, especially in the rainy season. Therefore, studying on the factors about stability of the highway slope in the rainy season, establishing the early warning model, developing contingency plans and emergency measures are important for the disaster prevention and reduction.First, this paper analysis the natural environment of the south of Shanxi from geomorphology, lithology and geological structure, hydrogeological and rainfall, combining the data analysis and the field survey, based on the analysis on the highway geological hazards, the main geological hazards on the G316 of the south Shanxi are collapse, landslide and debris flow. At the same time, this paper made for different types of disasters of different monitoring methods.Second, it analyzes the main factors which affect the highway slope are geological factors(topography, geological structure and new construction activities, groundwater, slope structure) and non-geological factors (rainfall factor, seismic factors, the human irrational economic activities of the project), and among these factors,the rainfall and slope structure are the most important factor. Divided risk zoning through the information and field experience, and make the spatial prediction to the south of Shanxi. Establishing the early warning model, analyzing the slope of the resilience through the rainfall data, make the time prediction of the highway disaster. And then, combined with the time prediction and space prediction could make the space-time prediction of the region highway disaster.Finally, divided the warning grade accordance with the size and type of the geological disasters, and according the different warning levels for different levels of emergency response procedures. Development of contingency plans and emergency rescue measures as the basis to the road management department for emergency rescue.更多还原