湖南株洲龙门核电厂对周围环境影响的初步研究及评价

【作者】 黄晓衡；

【导师】 肖德涛； 魏远；

【作者基本信息】 南华大学 ， 核科学与技术， 2011， 硕士

【摘要】 由于核电在安全、经济、环保三方面具有与火电竞争的优势,用核电代替煤电条件已经成熟,所以应加快核电建设,尤其是在长株潭负荷中心地区建设核电,是湖南省能源建设的战略选择。位于湖南省株洲市株洲县太湖乡的龙门厂址,靠近长株潭负荷中心,厂址条件十分优越。本文选取龙门核电厂址为研究对象,开展内陆核电厂址在选址阶段的环境影响评价研究。首先简单描述了内陆厂址所应选用的环境评价标准及选用的评价方法、公式,然后通过对收集的资料进行整理和分析,对龙门厂址的厂址条件与外部环境如厂址人口分布、工业、交通和军事设施、潜在的外部人为事件、外部自然条件、大气弥散条件、水弥散条件等进行了简要评价,然后从两个方面(一是核电厂正常运行状态下,二是核电厂事故运行状态下)对龙门厂址周围的环境影响程度进行了分析计算。最后,对全文所取得的研究成果进行了总结,并展望将来的研究方向。经计算,在核电厂正常运行状态下,放射性物质的年释放量,龙门厂址半径0.5km处个人(成人)受到的最大有效剂量为3.73×10-2mSv/a,满足国家标准GB6249-86规定的限值要求。在核电厂最大可信事故条件下,龙门厂址半径0.9km处,任何个人(成人)在事故发生后8h内所接受的最大有效剂量和甲状腺当量剂量,以及在整个事故持续期间30天内厂址半径80km范围公众群体受到的集体有效剂量和集体甲状腺当量剂量均能满足国家标准GB6249-86规定的要求。拟定龙门厂址的非居住区边界为0.9km,满足国家标准GB6249-86规定的要求。经综合考虑,龙门厂址周围不存在影响厂址安全的不可克服的颠覆性因素,在龙门厂址上建造的核电机组在正常运行和事故工况下对周围环境的影响均可接受,因此,龙门厂址可作为大唐华银核电项目的候选厂址,满足建设四台百万千瓦级压水堆核电机组的要求。本文针对内陆核电厂址的特点,对龙门核电厂址的环境影响评价进行了深入细致的研究,具有较大的实用价值。这不仅能够解决龙门核电项目环境影响评价中相关问题,而且还有利于龙门核电废物排放的合理规划与管理,为龙门厂址地区的环境规划、污染气象观测和环境放射性监测规划提供科学依据。更多还原

【Abstract】 Compared to thermal power, nuclear power has the competitive advantage in security, economic and environmental protection. Regarding using nuclear power to replace coal-fired power is ripe, the construction of nuclear power should be speed up, especially in the load center of Chang-zhu-tan area. It is a strategic choice of Hunan energy construction. Longmen site is located in Taihu Township, Zhuzhou City, Zhuzhou County, Hunan Province, which is near the Chang-Zhu-tan load center. The site condition is extremely advantageous.Longmen nuclear power site was selected in this paper as the research object for inland nuclear power site, and the research is focused on the site selection phase of the environmental influence assessment studies. At the beginning of the paper is a brief description of the environmental evaluation criteria of the site and selection of evaluation methods, formulas. Then based on the collated information and analysis, an evaluation on the site conditions and the external environment of Longmen site such as the site population distribution, industry, transport and military facilities, the potential external man-made events, external natural conditions, atmospheric dispersion conditions, the water dispersion conditions is delivered. In the following research, the gantry surrounding environmental impact of the site were analyzed and calculated (in both normal and accidental operation status). Finally, the full text of the research results obtained is summarized, and the further research directions are advised.According to the calculation, in the area of a radius of 0.5km of Longmen site, the maximum effective dose of the annual emissions of radioactive substances for an individual (adults) is 3.73 x 10-2-mSv/a, which meets the national standard GB6249-86.In the condition of maximum credible accident of the nuclear power plant, in the area of a radius of 0.9km of Longmen site, the maximum effective dose and thyroid equivalent dose received by any individual (adult) 8h after the accident, as well as the collective effective dose equivalent and collective thyroid doses for public groups in a area of a radius of 80km range within 30 days after the accident, meet the national standard GB6249-86 requirements. It indicates that the reasonable non-residential area boundary of Longmen site developed non-resident is 0.9km, and it meets the national standard GB6249-86 requirements.After comprehensive consideration, subversive insurmountable factor which may attract the safety of Longmen site dose not exist. The influence on the surrounding environment of the nuclear power generating units built on site is acceptable in any conditions.Therefore, Longmen site Datang Huayin can be used as a candidate for nuclear power project site, and it meets the requirement of building four million kilowatt-class pressurized water reactor nuclear power plant.In this paper, the characteristics of inland nuclear power site is analyzed, and based on which a deeply research on the Longmen nuclear power site environmental impact assessment is conducted. It has great practical value. It can not only solve the related issues on the environmental impact assessment of Longmen nuclear power projects, but also provides strategies for the rational planning and management of Longmen site. The research also provides a scientific basis on environmental planning, pollution, meteorological observation and environmental radioactivity monitoring for Longmen site program.更多还原