中美安全科学发展“黄金十年”比较研究

【作者】 钟期进；

【导师】 吴超；

【作者基本信息】 中南大学 ， 安全管理工程， 2010， 硕士

【摘要】 在查阅有关文献的基础上,发现我国近十年(2000-2010年)安全科学发展特点与美国1965年至1975年十年间具有很大的相似性。而今美国安全科学步入了世界领先水平,这方面的成功经验值得比较研究。本文以安全科学方法学中关于中外安全比较研究的思想为理论基础,对中美安全科学发展的各个侧面(硬实力和软实力)进行了综合比较分析。具体研究内容和结论如下：(1)通过论证分析发现中美安全科学发展“黄金十年”具有很大的相似性,进而首次提出中国安全科学发展“黄金十年”(2000—2010)的概念,对于推进我国安全科学发展,认清国内发展现状具有重要的理论和现实意义；(2)运用“3E法则”结合比较教育学中的“贝雷迪比较四步法”,系统地构建了以下四方面的比较内容：安全科学发展历程、安全科研实力与教育发展、职业安全与健康监管体制和安全文化；(3)美国安全科学的发展水平比中国提前了近30年。我国安全科学发展属于一种“跨越式”的发展模式,由劳动保护阶段直接跨入了安全科学全面发展阶段；此种发展模式可能导致安全科学不能健康、平衡、全面发展的弊端；(4)我国安全科学研究工作整体处于分散状态,国内安全科技投入严重不足,安全类学术期刊水平较低,国家安全科研机构地位不明显,作用不突出,民间科研团体的作用未得到充分发挥。再者,相比美国我国开办安全类院校在数量和办学层次优于美国,然而美国具有先进的安全人才培养模式；(5)美国是垂直的综合安全监管模式,安全立法注重“以社会为本”。而我国安全监管体制存在的主要问题是安全与卫生监管分离,安全立法着重“以生产为本”。由于我国政治体制的优势,预计未来政府对安全生产的干预力度必然大于美国；(6)我国安全文化的特色是以“和谐”为理念,以“道德、情理”为约束。美国是以“天赋人权”为理念,以“科学、法律”为规范的安全文化特点。相比美国,我国安全物质文化投入不足,缺少全民参与的安全管理文化氛围,长久存在不良的安全行为习惯,遵纪守法的意识薄弱。更多还原

【Abstract】 On the basis of consulting the relevant documents, developed characteristics of China safety science in last ten years (2000-2010) is great similar to American in 1965 to 1975 ten years. Now USA safety science has entered the world advanced level, so the successful experience is worth to comparative study. This article takes safety China-foreign safety comparative thought of science methodology as the theoretical basis, comprehensive compared the aspect (hard and soft strength) of safety science development between USA and China. The specific study contents and conclusion are as follows:(1) Through proof and analysis found that the "golden ten-years" development of safety science between China and USA has the great similarities, then the concept of the "golden ten-years"(2000-2010) of China safety science was first proposed. For promoting our safety science development and recognizing the present status of domestic development has the important theoretical and practical significance;(2) Adopted "3E" principle combined with "Behre’s four stage comparative methods" of comparative education, systematically construct the following four comparative aspects:safety science development, safety research strength and education development, occupational safety and health regulatory system and safety culture;(3) The development level of safety science of America is ahead of nearly 30 years than China. Safety science development in China belongs to a kind of "leapfrog" development patterns, by labor protection stage directly into All-round development stage of safety science. This kind of development mode can lead to safety science cannot health, balance and all-round develop;(4) Safety science research in China is in a decentralized state, a serious shortage of Investment in domestic safety science and technology, low level of safety academic periodicals, national safety research institutions status is not obvious and not outstanding effect, the function of folk research groups is not fully exploiting. Furthermore, compared with America, the quantity and education level of safety engineering professional colleges in China is vastly superior to America, but America has advanced model of safety personnel training.(5) America safety regulation is vertical and comprehensive mode, safety legislation pay attention to "society oriented". While Chinese safety regulatory system has the following problem:safety and health regulation separation, safety legislation emphasize particularly on "production oriented". Because of the political system advantages, to safety production intervention strength in China is greater than the America in future.(6) With "harmony" for the concept, with "morality, reasonable" as constraint is characteristic of Chinese safety culture. With the "innate rights of man" for the concept, with "science, law" in order to regulate is characteristic of America safety culture. Compared with America, safety material culture lack of investment, our country is short of the cultural atmosphere that whole people participate in safety management, long-lasting poor safety behavior habits, weak consciousness of observing law and discipline.更多还原