绝望世界中人的真实存在

【作者】 王莉；

【导师】 吴舜立；

【作者基本信息】 陕西师范大学 ， 比较文学与世界文学， 2011， 硕士

【副题名】从加缪的《鼠疫》到科马克·麦卡锡的《路》

【摘要】 现代物质文明给人们带来了更深重的异化感和危机感,也使人们更真切地领悟到了人类生存与发展中的非理性与荒诞感。时间从20世纪来到了21世纪,人类的生存状况不但未得到改善,反而更加恶化了。人类处在了一个难以理喻、无法把握和解释的陌生世界,人的主体性逐渐丧失。尤其是当恶和死亡肆无忌惮地袭来时,处在这种绝望世界中的人类应该如何做才能赋予自身生命以生存意义,保持人类的真实存在。虽然加缪和科马克·麦卡锡两位作家相隔半个多世纪,但他们对这一具有启示意义的哲理之思却有着相同的认识,他们吸收了卡夫卡、陀思妥耶夫斯基、海明威、福克纳等作家对荒诞世界的揭露传统,关注人的真实存在。本文仅选用这两位作家的作品《鼠疫》和《路》,运用加缪的荒诞理论对这一共同认识作以分析。科马克·麦卡锡对加缪关于绝望世界中人的积极反抗这一深刻主题作了承继和发展——正视恶和死亡,不逃避不幻想更不屈服,鼓足勇气积极行动,尽其所能去抗争,并在非死即生的生存境遇中坚守人性中的良善,维护人类的尊严,坚持信念和希望,才能获得人的真实存在。然而两位作家在人类于绝望世界中的反抗这一共性基础上亦有一些差异和不同,因此本文在重点阐释了两位作家作品中表现的的共同主题之后,对他们的差别也作了阐述,并分析了造成这两位作家不同之处的原因所在——他们所处的不同国家文化背景和两位作家本人的经历的不同。本文共分为四章,在介绍了两位作家及《鼠疫》和《路》两部作品后,综述了国内外对两部作品的研究成果和本论文的写作切入点及研究意图。第二章首先界定了“绝望世界”的定义,根据定义并结合文本分析了两部作品中揭示出的绝望世界。第三章对人的“真实存在”的定义作以界定后,重点对两部作品中的人的真实存在进行了深刻地分析,以文本为基础,内容丰满,论据充分,析理精辟,进而得出了研究结论。第四章结合文本对两部作品中表现出的两位作家共性基础上的差异进行了阐释和分析,并深入挖掘了造成两位作家不同之处的根本原因。对加缪和科马克·麦卡锡两位作家作品进行横向比较,是建立在两位作家作品的共性和相异性之上的,是具有可比性的,也正是本文的创新之处。两位作家的共性并不是存在于《鼠疫》和《路》两部作品表面上的相似之处,而是存在于两位作家对人类生存处境的共同深切关注和理性之思上的。虽然对人类生存意义的忧虑和探索自古以来就是众多不同民族的哲学家和文学家一直努力坚持的,但加缪和科马克·麦卡锡两位作家继承并超越了前人,他们以无比冷静与客观的笔法把人类所处的绝望处境真实地表现了出来,在给我们深深的震撼之余,更给了我们深邃的哲理启示,即绝望世界中人的真实存在,这正是本文创新之处的最大表现。对这两位作家共性基础上的差异之处的阐释与差异原因的分析,更是对两位作家横向比较的深入研究,是本文创新之处的又一表现。更多还原

【Abstract】 Modern material civilization gave rise to a deeper sense of alienation and a heavy sense of crisis, Also make people more truly to understand that human survival and development of a sense of the irrational and the absurd. Time from the 20th century to the 21st century, The condition of humanity is not improved, but more deteriorated, In an alien to human, can not grasp and explain the strange world, Gradually loss of human subjectivity.Especially when evil and death strikes with impunity, In such despair in the world of human beings should do in order to give their own meaning of life to survive, Maintain the real human. While Camus and Cormac McCarthy over half a century separated the two writers, But they have a revelation of the meaning of the philosophy of thinking but have the same understanding, this article only two writers’"Plague" and "The Road", the use of Camus’s absurd theories on this common understanding for the analysis. Cormac McCarthy desperate world of Camus on the human subject were active against the deep inheritance and development-to face evil and death, no escape is not yield non-fiction, courage and positive action, doing everything possible to protest, And the survival of non-death situation in which students adhere to the goodness of human nature, preservation of human dignity, uphold the faith and hope, to get people’s real. However, the two writers in the human resistance in the despair of this world there are some differences based on the common and different, this article explains the focus on the performance of the two authors in the common topic, they also elaborated on the differences and analyzed the cause of this difference between the two writers of the reason-they are in different countries and cultural backgrounds and two different writer’s own experience.This article is divided into four chapters, the introduction of the two writers and the "Plague" and "The Road" after the two works were summarized on two works of research and writing of this paper and research intentions entry point. The second chapter first defines the "desperate world" is defined, by definition, combined with textual analysis of the two works reveal the desperate world. Chapter III of the people the "real presence" is defined as to define, the focus of two who works in the real existence of a profound analysis, text-based, content rich, well-argued, incisive reasoning, and thus have out of the research results. The fourth chapter two works with the text shown on the two writers, based on common differences were explained and analyzed, and further excavation and the resulting difference between the two writers of the root causes.Camus and Cormac McCarthy of the two horizontal comparison of works by authors, is based on the works of two writers at the similarities and differences, is comparable, it is also the innovation of this article. The two writers did not exist in common in the "Plague" and "The Road" two works on the surface similarities, but in the two writers on the common plight of human existence and rational thinking deep concern on, is a scientific and operational. Although the meaning of human existence and explore the concerns of many different peoples since ancient times philosophers and writers have been trying to hold on, but Camus and Cormac McCarthy?The two writers inherited and beyond the previous, They with great calm and objective technique of writing the desperate situation in which human beings truly manifests itself in a deep shock to us apart, but also gives us deep philosophical revelation, that the real human world of despair, which This is the biggest innovation performance. Common of these two writers on the basis of discrepancies between the interpretation and analysis of the causes, but is horizontal comparison of the two writers in-depth study is another manifestation of this innovation.更多还原