【作者】 杨松；

【导师】 李春杰；

【作者基本信息】 兰州大学 ， 草坪生物学， 2011， 硕士

【摘要】 本研究以我国西北部三种内生真菌带菌率极高的醉马草(Achnatherum inebrians)、披碱草(Elymus dahuricus)和野大麦(Hordeum brevisubulatum)为研究对象,进行上述三种禾草内生真菌共生体对多年生黑麦草(Lolium perenne)、高羊茅(Festuca arundinacea)和草地早熟禾(Poa pratensis)三种草坪草的化感作用及病原真菌拮抗作用的研究。主要结果如下：1.通过种子和种苗检测法对13种草地早熟禾、9种多年生黑麦草、11种高羊茅、3种翦股颖(Agrostis stolonifera)、1种紫羊茅(Festuca rubra)和1种画眉草(Eragrostis pilosa)进行检测：种子检测发现,1个草地早熟禾品种、7个多年生黑麦草品种、3个高羊茅品种和1个画眉草品种检测到内生真菌；种子萌发后的幼苗检测,仅发现5个多年生黑麦草品种检测到内生真菌。2.通过种子萌发法和盆栽实验法对带(E+)与不带内生真菌(E-)的醉马草、披碱草和野大麦草粉对多年生黑麦草、高羊茅和草地早熟禾的化感作用进行研究：种子萌发实验发现,与E-相比,E+醉马草草粉促进多年生黑麦草和高羊茅生长,抑制草地早熟禾生长；E+披碱草草粉促进多年生黑麦草和草地早熟禾生长,抑制高羊茅生长；E+野大麦草粉抑制多年生黑麦草和草地早熟禾生长,促进高羊茅生长。盆栽实验研究发现,与E-相比,E+醉马草草粉促进高羊茅生长,E+披碱草草粉抑制草地早熟禾生长,E+野大麦草粉促进高羊茅和草地早熟禾生长。3.采用形态学和分子生物学结合的方法对分离自草地早熟禾、高羊茅和狗牙根(Cynodon dactylon)的3株真菌分离物进行鉴定：初步将分离自草地早熟禾、高羊茅和狗牙根的3株致病性较高的病原真菌分离物分别鉴定为燕麦镰刀菌(Fusarium avenaceum)、微结节菌属(Microdochium sp.)真菌和不等弯孢(Curvularia inaequalis)。4.通过对带有内生真菌的3种禾草草粉浸提液对细交链孢(Alternaria alternata)、根腐离蠕孢(Bipolaris sorokiniana)、燕麦镰孢和绿色木霉(Trichodermaviride)生长抑制作用进行研究：披碱草内生真菌显著增强了披碱草草粉浸提液对细交链孢、燕麦镰孢、绿色木霉菌落生长,细交链孢、根腐离蠕孢孢子萌发,燕麦镰孢芽管长度的抑制作用；甘肃内生真菌(Neotyphodium gansuense)显著增强了醉马草草粉浸提液对燕麦镰孢、绿色木霉菌落生长和芽管长度,细交链孢、根腐离蠕孢、燕麦镰孢孢子萌发的抑制作用；野大麦内生真菌显著增强了野大麦草粉浸提液对绿色木霉菌落生长、孢子萌发、芽管长度的抑制作用。更多还原

【Abstract】 Achnatherum inebrians, Elymus dahuricus and Hordeum brevisubulatum are growing at native grassland in Northwestern China, symbiotic with Neotyphodium endophytes were studied, mainly including the allelopathic effects of endophytes on turfgrasses, Poa pratensis, Lolium perenne and Festuca arundinacea, antifungal activities of endophyte on pathogenic fungi. The results summarized as followings.1、There were endophyte infected seed samples in 1 of 13 P. pratensis,7 of 9 L. perenne,3 of 11 F. arundinacea and 1 of 1 Eragrostis pilosa. However, only 5 smples of L. perenne seeding infected by means of germination of the endophyte-infected seeds.2、The filter paper germination experiment showed that, compred to endophyte-free (E-) grass, the extracts from endophyte-infected (E+) A. inebrians remarkably enhanced the growth of L. perenne and F. arundinacea, inhibited the growth of P. pratensis. The extracts from E+E. dahuricus remarkably enhanced the growth of L. perenne and P. pratensis, inhibited the growth of F. arundinacea. The extracts from E+H. brevisubulatum remarkably inhibite the growth of L. perenne and P. pratensis, enhanced the growth of F. arundinacea.. The potted plant experiment showed that the extracts from E+A. inebrians remarkably enhanced the growth of F. arundinacea. The extracts from E+E. dahuricus of Neotyphodium-infected remarkably enhanced the growth of P. pratensis. The extracts from E+H. brevisubulatum remarkably inhibite the growth of F. arundinacea and P. pratensis.3、Three fungal isolates from P. pratensis, F. arundinacea and Cynodon dactylon. were studied morphologically and molecularly. These fungal isolates from P. pratensis, F. arundinacea and C. dactylon were identified as Fusarium avenaceum, Microdochium sp. and Curvularia inaequalis, respectively.4、The experiment indicated that Neotyphodium endophytes could enhance the antifungal activities of Alternaria alternata, Bipolaris sorokiniana, F. avenaceum and Trichoderma viride by E+ A. inebrians, E. dahuricus and H. brevisubulatum. Compared to E- extracts, E+ one of E. dahuricus could remarkably enhanced the inhibition on mycelial growth of A. alternata, F. avenaceum and T. viride, spore germination of A. alternata and B. sorokiniana, length of germ tube of F. avenaceum, respectively. E+ extracts of A. inebrians could remarkably enhanced inhibition on mycelial growth of F. avenaceum and T. viride, spore germination of A. alternata, B. sorokiniana and F. avenaceum, length of germ tube of F. avenaceum and T. viride, respectively. E+ extracts of H. brevisubulatum could remarkably enhanced the inhibition on mycelial growth, spore germination and length of germ tube of T. viride, respectively.更多还原