【作者】 郭延亮；

【导师】 郑方强；

【作者基本信息】 山东农业大学 ， 农业推广， 2010， 硕士

【摘要】 本文对莱芜市植物园樱花重要害虫及天敌种群动态和樱花昆虫群落结构特征进行了研究。主要结果如下:1、结合系统抽样调查和普查,共调查樱花叶部害虫有2纲、11目、21种;天敌有2纲、5目、31种。抽样群落调查到的害虫有15种,天敌有28种。2、对樱花主要害虫蚜虫类(绣线菊蚜和桃蚜)、叶螨类(山楂叶螨和苹果叶螨)、梨网蝽和小绿叶蝉及其天敌的种群动态进行了详细研究。天敌瓢虫类和微小花蝽与蚜虫类、3种叶螨专食性天敌与2种叶螨均存在很好的跟随关系,是重要的自然控制因素。3、樱花叶片昆虫群落中,害虫以蚜科、刺蛾科、蝽科和叶螨科物种较多,相对多度则以蚜科、网蝽科、叶螨科和叶蝉科较高;天敌以瓢虫科、草蛉科、食蚜蝇科、蚜茧蜂科和茧蜂科物种较多,相对多度较大的有瓢虫科、草蛉科、花蝽科、蓟马科、蚜茧蜂科、蚜小蜂科、皿蛛科、植绥螨科。4、分析了樱花昆虫群落害虫及天敌的优势度和优势种,害虫的优势种有桃蚜、绣线菊蚜、山楂叶螨、小绿叶蝉和梨网蝽。天敌的优势种有烟蚜茧蜂、大草蛉、异色瓢虫、微小花蝽、龟纹瓢虫、中华通草蛉、塔六点蓟马和深点颏瓢虫。5、对樱花昆虫群落的物种丰富度、生态优势度、多样性和均匀度动态及原因进行了分析。影响昆虫群落的主要因素是樱花的生育期、降雨、主要害虫的发生等。6、用最优分割法将樱花昆虫群落时间格局分为4个时间段,对各个时间段的害虫及天敌发生特点进行了分析。更多还原

【Abstract】 Population dynamics of insect pests and their natural enemies and community structure characters of insect community on cherry blossom leaves were studied in Laiwu City, Shandong Province, China in 2009.1. There were 21 species of insect pests belonging to 11 Orders, 2 Classes and 31 species of natural enemies belonging to 5 Orders, 2 Classes in the systemic sampling and general investigation. Fifteen species of insect pests and twenty-eight species of natural enemies were investigated in the systemic sampling.2. The poplation dynamics of aphids (Myzus persicae and Aphis citricola) , spider mites(Tetranychus viennensis and Panonychus ulmi), Empoasca flavescens, Stephanitis nashi and their natural enemies were analyzed. The predatory ladybird beetles and Orius minutus synchronized with the occurrence of two species of aphids, and some obligatory predators, such as Stethorus punctillum, Scolothrips takahashii, one predatory mite synchronized with the occurrence of two species of spider mites, showing that those natural enenmies were important natural control factors limiting the growth of aphids and spider mites.3. In the insect community on cherry blossom leaves, the number of pest species in Aphididae, Limacodidae, Pentatomodae and Tetranychidae was more abundant, the relative abundance of Aphididae, Tingidae, Cicadellidae,Tetranychidae was high; the number of natural enemy species in Coccinellidae, Chrysopidae, Syrphidae, Aphidiidae and Braconidae was more abundant, the relative abundance of Coccinellidae, Chrysopidae, Anthocoridae, Thripidae, Cicadellidae, Aphidiidae, Aphelinidae, Linyphiidae and Phytoseiidae was high.4. The dominance and dominant species of insect pests and their natural enenmies in the community were analyzed. The dominant species of insect pests were Myzus persicae, Aphis citricola, Tetranychus viennensis, Empoasca flavescens and Stephanitis nashi. The dominant species of natural enemies were Aphidius gifuensis, Chrysopa septempunctata, Harmonia axyridis, Oruus minutes, Propylaea Japonica, Stethorus punctillum, Scolothrips takahashii.5. The dynamics of species richnee, diversity, ecological dominance, and evenness were analyzed in temporal sequence. The factors affecting the insect community, such as the growth stages of cherry blossom, rainfall and the occurrence of insect pests were also analyzed.6. The temporal pattern of the cherry blossom insect community was analyzed by the optimal sorting method and grouped into four continous periods. The occurrence characteristics of these pests and nature enemies in each temporal period were analyzed.更多还原