【作者】 季春梅；

【导师】 曹辰兴；

【作者基本信息】 山东农业大学 ， 蔬菜学， 2011， 硕士

【摘要】 瓜蚜是黄瓜最主要害虫之一,生产上以化学防治为主,既增加了生产成本,又增加了产品农药残留,并加重了环境污染,培育抗蚜品种是解决这一难题的根本措施。本文以普通型有毛黄瓜及其无毛突变体,以及二者杂交后代为研究对象,利用黄瓜材料对瓜蚜抗性能力差异,研究了黄瓜的的抗性差异与其叶片次生代谢物质含量及相关酶活性变化规律的关系,旨在探索黄瓜对瓜蚜的生理生化抗性机理,为进一步开展相关研究奠定基础,并为生产上选育抗蚜品种提供理论依据。主要研究结果如下:1使用田间自然侵染调查法对3个黄瓜材料进行抗蚜性鉴定,证明无毛黄瓜为高抗材料,有毛黄瓜为高感材料,F1黄瓜抗性界于二者之间。2受瓜蚜侵染诱导,三种黄瓜材料叶片代谢相关酶活性有不同程度的上升。与感蚜材料相比,抗蚜材料上升快,峰值高,防御反应及时有效。这种诱导抗蚜性强弱在不同基因型间存在差异。未受瓜蚜危害时,抗、感蚜类型酶活性无明显差异;瓜蚜危害胁迫黄瓜酶活性升高,抗蚜类型受到瓜蚜危害诱导所产生的酶活性比感蚜类型高。SOD和CAT对抗蚜也起到一定防御性作用。无毛黄瓜和F1黄瓜PPO和PAL活性始终高于有毛黄瓜,无毛和有毛黄瓜幼苗POD和PPO活性均表现先上升后下降的趋势。由此可见,PAL和PPO活性变化与黄瓜抗蚜性密切相关,均可作为黄瓜抗蚜性鉴定的生化指标。3受瓜蚜侵染诱导,三种黄瓜材料叶片次生代谢物质含量有不同程度的上升。三种黄瓜材料木质素、类黄酮含量变化均表现先上升后下降的趋势,单宁和总酚含量变化表现为交替的上升下降。接种瓜蚜后,无毛黄瓜幼苗的木质素比F1黄瓜和有毛黄瓜分别高14.3%和128.5%。总酚积累量无毛黄瓜比有毛黄瓜和F1黄瓜分别高24.2%和4.9%;F1黄瓜类黄酮和单宁积累量最高。三种黄瓜材料单宁的积累量比较接近。由此可见,在瓜蚜刺吸危害过程中,木质素、总酚含量变化与黄瓜抗蚜性密切相关。而类黄酮和单宁含量变化与黄瓜抗蚜性关系不大。4受瓜蚜侵染诱导,F2代黄瓜材料叶片次生代谢物质含量有不同程度的上升。F2代无毛材料和有毛材料的总酚、类黄酮和单宁含量表现为先上升后下降的趋势。F2代黄瓜次生代谢物变化规律与亲本相似。相比F2代有毛材料,F2代无毛材料表现出抗蚜优势,总酚、类黄酮和单宁的积累量分别高42.8%,30.3%,11.1%。由此可见,在瓜蚜危害过程中,黄瓜抗蚜性与总酚含量变化密切相关,而与类黄酮和单宁关系不大。更多还原

【Abstract】 Melon aphid is one of the main pests of cucumber. Chemical control is a major measure on production, it not only increases the cost of production and product residue, but also pollutes the environment , so it is very important to breed new cultivar which can resist to aphid.Glabrous cucumber and their hybrid were used to compare their different resistant abilities to aphid. The relationship between the secondary metabolites and several correlative enzymes of leaves were studied. This study will lay a foundation for the further study and provide information for the selection and breeding of new cultivar. It also can provide a theory for studying resistance to aphids. The main results were as follows:1 A natural field survey was carried out on three cucumber materials to compare their resistance to aphid. Glabrous cucumber was a high aphid-resistant material, normal cucumber was a susceptible material, the capacity of F1 to aphid–resistance was between its parents.2 During the process of invasion by aphid, the activities of metabolism related enzymes increased by in different degrees. Compared with normal cucumber, the activity of aphid-resistance types increased rapidly, and had high peak, its response was rapid too. The strength of induced resistance to aphid was different between the different genotypes. Before infected by aphid, enzymes activity was not significantly different. Enzyme activity was all increased after infected by aphids, and aphid-resistance material had high level of resistance to aphid than susceptible material. The changes of SOD and CAT activity indicated that they had influence on resistance to aphid. PPO and PAL activities on glabrous and F1 were always higher than normal cucumber, and POD, PPO and PAL activity in cucumber seedling leaves increased first and then showed a downward trend. Thus, in the process of melon aphid damage, PAL and PPO activity in the cucumber were closed related to the aphid-resistance of cucumber, so they can be identified as the chemical indicators.3 Induced by the melon aphid, the metabolite content increased in different levels. The content of lignin and flavonoids increased first and then showed a downward trend. Tannin and total phenol content expressed as alternating rise and fall. After inoculation of melon aphid, the content of lignin in glabrous cucumber was 14.3%, 128.5% higher than that of F1 cucumber and normal cucumber. The accumulation of total phenols in glabrous cucumber was 24.2%, 4.9% higher than that of normal cucumber and F1 cucumber. The accumulation of flavonoids and tannins in F1 cucumber was higher than the other two materials, while the accumulation of tannins was closer among the three materials. Thus, in the process of melon aphid damage, lignin and total phenols content in cucumber were closely related to aphid-resistant ability. The content of flavonoids and tannin had little relationship with resistance to aphid.4 Induced by the melon aphid, the metabolite content increased in different levels of F2 plants. The content of tannin, total phenol and flavonoids increased first and then showed a downward trend, which shows the similar rule as glabrous and normal cucumber. After inoculation of melon aphid, the accumulation of total phenol, flavonoids and tannin in glabrous cucumber of F2 was 42.82%, 30.3%, 11.1%higher than that of normal in F2. Thus, in the process of melon aphid damage, lignin and total phenols content in the cucumber was closely related to aphid-resistant ability. The content of flavonoids and tannin had little relationship with resistance to aphid.更多还原