【作者】 李鹏；

【导师】 张永波；

【作者基本信息】 太原理工大学 ， 水工结构工程， 2011， 硕士

【摘要】 随着我国国民经济的快速增长,人们对矿产资源的需求量也越来越大,由于地下矿产的大量开挖,使得一些老的工业城市形成大规模的采空区,采空区所导致的地质灾害日益严重。于此同时随着我国城市化进程和城市人口的不断增加,一些大的工业厂房、民用建筑、隧道、高速公路、桥梁等不得不修建在采空区之上。煤炭储量丰富的西部城市大多位于地形地质条件复杂的丘陵地区或山区。由于地表移动角、沉陷角预测困难等原因使得矿区规划不合理,一些采煤工作面所形成的采空区直接或间接影响着边坡稳定性,极易造成边坡失稳形成大的滑坡、崩塌、沉陷等地质灾害,严重影响着人民的生命安全和建筑物的稳定性。因此,开展采空区对边坡稳定性的研究就显得尤为重要。本文以晋城至侯马高速公路阳城～关门段(本文中以下简称阳关高速公路)下伏蒿峪煤矿、北崖煤矿采空区为实验研究基地,运用现场调查、相似材料模拟实验和运用FLAC 3D建立蒿峪煤矿采空区数学模型的方法,系统地研究和分析水平煤层当采煤工作面采宽从小变到大时,不同边坡角度情况下边坡覆岩稳定性及地表变形移动规律、采空区裂隙的分布发育规律以及荷载作用下采空区残余变形破坏规律。取得的主要成果如下：1.根据物理模型实验研究了水平煤层在各工作面不同开采宽度条件下的开采沉陷规律；不同开采宽度、开采厚度,不同埋深以及地形等因素对覆岩移动和地表变形破坏规律的影响。2.研究在不同等级荷载作用下采空区的残余变形规律,确定荷载的影响深度和影响范围。3.运用FLAC 3D软件模拟矿山开采,得到煤层开采后的垂直、水平位移场图、应力场图和破坏场图,分析在不同边坡角度条件下边坡覆岩的稳定性及地表变形破坏情况,并根据模拟所得数据绘制不同地表移动曲线,探讨边坡覆岩岩层移动和地表沉陷的一般规律。4.运用FLAC 3D软件模拟矿山开采,得到煤层开采后的垂直、水平位移场图、应力场图和破坏场图,分析在不同边坡下采煤工作面由小变大的过程中边坡覆岩的稳定性及地表变形破坏情况,绘制不同曲线探讨边坡覆岩稳定性和地表变形的一般规律。更多还原

【Abstract】 With the rapid growth of Chinese national economy, there is an increasingly high demands for mineral resources. And because of the large number of underground mineral excavations, some of the old industrial cities have formed many large-scale mined-out areas, which caused increasingly serious geological disasters. In the meanwhile, with China’s urbanization and growing urban population, a number of large industrial plants, civil construction, tunnels, highways and bridges have to be built on top of the mined-out areas. The western cities, which are rich of coal, are mainly located in the hills and mountainous areas. Because of bad plan of coal areas caused by different forecast of surface movement subsidence and angles, some mined-out areas, which are caused by coalfaces directly or indirectly influence the stability of the side slopes, are easily formed the geological disaster such as landslide, collapse, subsidence, which greatly affect the seriously affects personal and property safety and the stability of buildings. Thus, study on the side slope stability of mined-out areas becomes quite important. The thesis is adopting Haoyu and BeiYa mined-out area around Hou ma expressway which ranges from Yang cheng to Guang meng(the following paper calls it Yang Guan for short). It formed mathematical model by employing field investigation, similar material simulation experiment and 3D software, and systematically analyzed and investigated stability of side slope’overburden rock and laws of ground deformation and movement, fractures of distribution development in mined-out areas, as well as residual deformation of mined-out areas under the load functions, whose process is according to the mining width of coal face from. The main achievements made in my thesis are as follows:1. According to the physical model test, the writer investigated the mining subsidence laws, influences of overburden rock movement and ground deformation in single seam conditions of room and pillar mining, in line with different mining width and thickness, burial depth, geomorphic factors.2. The writer also investigated residual deformation laws in different level load, and confirmed the influence depth and influence scope of load.3. The writer simulated the coal exploitation in FLAC 3D software, gained displacement, stress diagram and disruption field figure map, which is made after exploitation. I also analysed the stability of the overburden rock of side slope and the deformation and damage of terrain in different side slope angles, drew the different curve diagram of surface movement which is according to simulated data, discussing the general rules the overburden rock movement and subsidence in side slopes.4. The writer simulated the coal exploitation in FLAC 3D software, gained displacement, stress diagram and disruption field figure map, which is made after exploitation. I also analyzed the stability of the overburden rock of side slope and the deformation and damage of terrain in different coal mining face of side slope (from small to large), drew different curve to discuss the general rules the overburden rock movement and subsidence in side slopes.更多还原