【作者】 周小军；

【导师】 夏青；

【作者基本信息】 解放军信息工程大学 ， 地图制图学与地理信息工程， 2010， 硕士

【摘要】 本文从二维GIS与三维GIS发展和应用的角度出发,探讨了常见的二三维一体化GIS几种模式的特点和缺陷,提出了二三维一体化GIS在数据模型、渲染接口、空间坐标系及矢栅一体化上需要解决的一系列问题。重点对地图投影及坐标系、多比例尺矢量数据在球面上的表达、矢量数据在三维API中的符号化进行了较为系统的分析、论述和试验。本文完成的主要工作有:1.通过对平面模型地图中地图投影概念的分析,总结了地图投影及平面地图参考系中存在的一些局限性问题,提出了基于地理球面或椭球面的地理空间,并在球面上进行矢量数据可视化表达的新思路,保证了大范围矢量数据在表达上的连续性和一致性。2.论述了多比例尺矢量数据表达的方式与意义,分析了常见的提高矢量数据绘制速度的策略。在自动制图综合理论和技术还没有完全成熟的情况下,提出了基于系列比例尺地形图数据的多比例尺表达方式,并通过采用多线程技术和内存池技术实现了多比例尺数据在三维空间中的快速表达和组织调度。3.对地图符号的基本概念和分类作了简要的描述,分析了点状要素符号、线状要素符号及面状要素符号各自的特点以及构造的原理,提出并实现了它们在三维接口(OpenGL)中的符号化方法。4.从地图适人化的表达和屏幕信息载负量的角度出发,提出了基于细节层次思想的电子地图要素选取方法,该方法主要是对地图各要素进行LOD因子的设定,并且总结了与该因子密切相关的一些因素。更多还原

【Abstract】 In this paper, from the view of development and application of two-dimensional GIS and three-dimensional GIS, discuss the common features and shortcomings of several models in two three-dimensional integrated GIS. It proposes a number of issues need to be resolved, including rendering interfaces, spatial coordinates and vector-grid integration. This paper focus on the map projection and coordinate system, multi-scale vector data on the sphere of expression, vector data in the symbolic by three-dimensional API and do some systemic analysis, discussion and testing. It completes the major work:1. Through analyzing the concept of map projection in the plane model, sums up some limitations in the map projection and flat map reference system, proposes new ideas that vector data is visualized on the sphere based on the geographical spherical or ellipsoidal surface of the geographical space, ensuring large-scale vector data in the expression of continuity and consistency.2. It describes ways and meaning of Multi-scale vector data’s expression, analyzes the common strategy to improve the rendering speed. In the case of cartographic generalization theory and technology having not fully mature, proposes the way of multi-scale expression based on multi-scale topographic map and achieving quickly expression and organization of multi-scale data in the three-dimensional space through multi-threading technology and memory pool.3. It briefly describes concepts and categories of Map symbols, analyzes respective characteristics and structure theory of point feature symbol, line feature symbol and area feature symbol, proposes and implements symbolic method in three-dimensional interfaces (OpenGL).4. From the point of view that the map display of expression and the amount of information contained, proposes selection method of electronic map elements based on the level of detail, this method is to set the LOD factor of map various elements and conclude closely related factors.更多还原