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聚能爆破技术在水电站建基面水平预裂爆破中的应用研究
【作者】 黄庆明；
【导师】 穆大耀；
【作者基本信息】 昆明理工大学 ， 采矿工程， 2010， 硕士
【摘要】 水电站基槽开挖是水电建设主体工程的重要环节,开挖进度快慢直接关系到整个工程是否可以如期竣工。作为开挖工作重中之重的建基面开挖,不但工程质量要求高,而且工期要求紧。因此,如何确保水电站基槽工程高质量、短工期完工,已成为我国水电建设行业面临的重要课题。准确掌握爆破相关的各种参数,如爆破所在地的地质条件、岩石参数,炸药性能等是获得预定爆破效果的决定性因素。为了在爆破地震动波不断扰动基岩的情况下使建基面的岩石不受到破坏,保证坝基的稳固性,必须突破传统施工爆破模式,采用新的预裂爆破技术及开挖技术,从而确保按期,高质量的建成大坝。本文以云南省龙开口水电站的施工现场作为工程对象,运用相关理论对聚能爆破技术进行了分析,阐述了影响聚能效应和穿透作用的主要因素,论述了槽状聚能爆破的特点,并确定了与预裂爆破相关的因素。通过岩石抗剪(断)及岩体变形试验来确定数值模拟试验的各种参数,运用ANSYS/LS-DYNA对聚能爆炸整个过程进行了数值模拟。进行的现场试验主要有：炸药的敏感性试验；聚能管穿不同孔径的钢板爆炸后,观察应力分布情况；通过聚能管穿不同孔径的橡胶板,观察刻槽深度。根据上述试验结果,通过MATLAB7.0运用最小二乘多项式法曲线拟合得出刻槽与孔径的关系曲线及最佳孔径。根据上述试验得出的数据,结合龙开口水电站工程特点制定并实施了合理的爆破方案,最后通过声波测试来确定爆后岩石达到建基面工程的质量要求。总之,本文从理论分析及工程实践上证明该聚能爆破技术是切实、可行的,并对类似工程的建设具有很好的借鉴意义。
【Abstract】 Excavation of the foundation trench of the hydropower station is an important part of the whole project. The excavation progress is a key factor that influences the whole project whether it can be transferred and the electricity can be generated on time or not. As the most important part of the excavation, the excavation of the bearing foundation surface is not only related to the high quality, but also effect the construction term of the project. So how can we complete the project in a short time as well as ensure the project quality has become an important task of China’s hydropower industry.Correctly mastering various blasting related parameters, such as the geological conditions of blasting, rock parameters, explosive performance etc. is a decisive factor to ensure the safety and achievement of the effective blasting results. On the basis of mastering the above mentioned parameters, with the overpassing of the traditional blasting method, the adoption of a new pre-spliting blasting technique can ensure the project be completed on time with a high quality.In this paper, the author uses the relevant theories to analyze the gathering energy blasting technique, and to describe the main factors that influence the gathering energy effect and the penetration action and the characteristics of troughlike gathering energy blasting.In addition, the related factors to the pre-spliting blasting are stated. Based on these factors, parameters could be acertained through rock shearing test and rock mass deformation test. Then the whole progress of the gathering energy blasting progress could be numerical simulated by ANSYS/LS-DYNA according to the parameters. Then main test would be carried on:explosive susceptibility test. After the blasting of The stress distribution can be observed through the blasting of the gathering energy tubes as they penetrate various aperture of the steel plate, and the groove depth can be observed while the steel plate is replaced by the rubber plate.According to the above test, groove and aperture relation curve and the best aperture could be educed by MATLAB7.0 least-squares polynomial curve fitting method. Then a reasonable blasting plan could be made based on the data got from the above test combination with the local enfineering geology of the Long Kaikou hydropower station. And then, by the usage of the sonic test, ascertain the requirements that rock damage after the blasting could reach the bearing foundation surface. In this paper, gathering energy blasting technique is proved that it could be applied into similar projects theoretically and practically, and its effects could be guaranteed.In short, this article from the theoretical analysis and engineering practice prove that the cohesive energy blasting technology is a practical, feasible, and the construction of similar projects have good reference.