基于椭球模型的RNAV航路设计

【作者】 唐羽；

【导师】 王玉文；

【作者基本信息】 电子科技大学 ， 软件工程， 2010， 硕士

【摘要】 空中导航,就是利用导航设备引导航空器从一个位置安全、准确、准时的飞行至另外一个位置的过程。传统航路无线电导航的主要导航源来自于陆基导航台,包括无方向性信标、甚高频全向信标和测距仪,因此,民航的空中航路一般按照地面导航台的分布,结合空域情况进行设计,飞机也按照逐台飞行的方式实施飞行。逐台飞行的方式存在束缚飞机飞行自由,难以充分发挥飞机快速的运输优势。随着全球导航卫星系统、惯性导航系统等不依赖于陆基导航台的导航设备的发展,飞机已经具备脱离地面导航台束缚,实施自由飞行的能力。飞行方式应从逐台飞行转变为以经纬度坐标定义的航路点到航路点的飞行,即逐点飞行,从而为空中交通管理提出了一项重要任务:调整传统航路结构,将航路截弯取直,逐步实现点到点直飞。本文针对传统大圆航线计算方法的缺陷,以计算方法的精确化、航路规划软件的设计与开发为研究内容,进行了理论的探索和工程应用的研究,主要包括以下内容:1.以基于地球旋转椭球体的大地坐标系为坐标框架,建立了地理坐标和大地坐标的相互转换以及大圆直飞航路规划的计算模型,推导了相关算法;2.在航路规划软件功能需求分析的基础上,研究了软件开发流程,设计了相关功能界面,以VB为开发工具,实现了航路规划软件的开发;3.以GIS软件为技术平台,对规划航路的可视化表达进行了研究,并根据可视化检查的结果,实现了规划航线和空域结构的调整。更多还原

【Abstract】 Navigation refers to the process of which an aircraft is guided to transfer from one position to another. This kind of position transformation requires intention, safety, accuracy and effectiveness of navigation to arrive at a certain level.Traditional navigation is, to a great extent, based on ground stations to conduct flight guidance, the disadvantages of which, however, are becoming more and more obvious with the increase of air traffic flow. Therefore, the birth of regional navigation (RNAV) seems to be extreme urgent. Unfortunately, ground-facilities-based RNAV cannot fully meet the needs of the development of civil aviation. Consequently, GPS-based RNAV, i.e. RNP, is the ideal way to realize free flight.In this disertation, in order to improve the accuracy of great circle and develop software of airroute planning, some results are as follows:1. Baded on earth ellipticity, the coordinates of waypoints, initial TC and distance calculating model were constructed, the formulas of calculating the initial TC and distance of a route and the latitude of waypoints were derived through spatial vector analyses with ellipsoid parameters.2. Based on the requirments analysis, the airroute planning software was developed through function and software interface desighn.3. Visulisation of planned airroute was studed in this thesis with GIS as technology method. The planned airroute was adjusted according to the airspace structure visualisation check.更多还原