【作者】 吴彤；

【导师】 钟新华；

【作者基本信息】 华东理工大学 ， 无机化学， 2011， 硕士

【摘要】 铋化物是一种功能性较强的半导体纳米晶材料,已在各种光学、电学器件领域有着重要的应用。因而,发展便捷、普适和环境友好的纳米晶方法,获得具有特定尺寸结构的纳米材料,构建功能化纳米结构体系,研究它们的理化生性质,同时探索纳米晶的成核与生长的机制,实现形貌结构的有效控制,都有着深远意义。本文对铋属化合物的两个分支的调控合成进行了深入系统的研究。并采用X射线衍射(XRD)、透射电镜(TEM)、扫描电镜(SEM)等对相关产物形貌结构进行了表征,用紫外-可见吸收光谱、光致发光(PL)光谱分析对产物的光学性质进行了测定,采用电化学工作站对产物的电学性能进行了研究。在硫属铋化物／锑化物的合成部分,发展了一种纳米晶的普适油相热注入合成方法。这种方法在对硫化铋的形貌尺寸有着精确可控的特点。同时对其在光催化降解染料罗丹明B方面进行了研究,结果表明,硫化铋对罗丹明B的光降解作用具有一定的尺寸依赖性。在铋属及其他双金属化合物的合成部分,同样将合成方法普适化,尤其是锑化镍的锂电池性能有了较大的改善。这种以聚乙二醇400为溶剂的晶种扩散方法,成本低、易操作,对今后发展普通金属二元化合物的锂电性能有指导意义。与此同时,将两部分的方法结合起来,并加以特殊的后处理手续,在十八胺体系中成功合成了钯镉合金超细纳米线。更多还原

【Abstract】 Bismuthide are kinds of Semiconductor Nanocrystals meterials with outstanding functionality. They are widely used in optical and electrical devices. In order to obtain materials with particular compositions, sizes and shapes, it is essential to create simple, general and invironment friendly synthetic methods, and study the growth mechanism of nanocrystals. Assembling the nanocrystals into advanced functional structure system also paves the way for the practical applications. In this paper, two branch of the bismuthide has been done deeply research on their synthesis with organization. The size and morphology of the products characterized by X-Ray Diffractomer (XRD),Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and scanning electron microscope(SEM).The optical properties was tested by Ultraviolet and visible absorption spectroscopy (UV-VIS) and photo luminescence (PL). We also use electrochemical workstation to measure their Li-ion battery performance.In the part of bismuthide/antimonide synthesis, a general route of synthesis nanocrystals by hot-injection in oil phase has been exploited. This method for bismuth sulfide can make accurate controllability on shape and size feasible. Photocatalytic degradation of rhodamine B has been investigated on the as-obtain nanocrystals. The results show that the degradation efficiency on rhodamine B has size-dependence.In the part of Bi/Sb-base bimetallic and other compounds synthesis, we also get a gerneral process to prepare. In them, the Li-ion battery properties of the nickelantimonide made through this way has largely enhanced. Due to the lower cost and Settable, this solvent system----polyethylene glycol 400(PEG400) by seed spreading is illuminated for bimetallic compounds development on Li-battery in the future. After this, combine with two parts of synthetic method above, Pd-Cd alloy ultrathin nanowires has been obtained successfully in octadecylamine system, adding some special post treatment.更多还原