铜坑矿中深孔爆破震动下矿柱稳定性研究

【作者】 冯锐；

【导师】 吴贤振；

【作者基本信息】 江西理工大学 ， 采矿工程， 2010， 硕士

【摘要】 矿柱作为支撑地下开采系统的结构以及可(应)回收资源,其稳定性越来越引起采矿工作者的重视。采场爆破振动是影响矿柱稳定的最重要因素之一,强烈的爆破振动可能导致矿柱高应力集中或内部损伤,为下一步回收矿柱带来一定的安全隐患,甚或造成岩体灾变失稳的后果。因此,研究爆破振动对矿柱稳定性的影响规律,对矿产资源的充分回收以及矿山安全生产具有重要的理论和实践价值。论文结合铜坑矿采矿生产现状,通过采场爆破振动监测、数值模拟计算以及动态应力比评价,对该矿井下中深孔爆破振动对矿柱稳定性的影响进行了分析研究,主要研究成果如下:在探讨爆破地震波传播机理的基础上,通过铜坑矿井下中深孔爆破振动现场测试,对监测数据进行回归分析,得出了该矿井下中深孔爆破地震波传播规律,为矿山中深孔爆破方案设计提供了指导和依据。基于反应谱理论,耦合现场爆破振动监测数据和计算结果,在物理力学模型的确定、模型材料参数的选取、动荷载输入、阻尼设置等方面进行分析探讨的基础上,运用ANSYS有限元软件进行数值模拟计算,研究了矿柱岩体在爆破振动荷载作用下的动力反应规律,得出了保护爆源附近不同类型矿柱不受破坏的最大段许用炸药量。同时,结合该矿工程地质以及矿柱岩体质量调查,采用动态应力比评价标准,对爆破震动对矿柱岩体损伤进行了安全评价,得出了该矿中深孔爆破对矿柱造成不同程度破坏的爆破震动峰值和最大段炸药量的极限值。并将数值模拟方法和动态应力比评价法所得结果进行了分析比较。论文通过现场爆破参数优化试验,得出了最优的炸药单耗以及微差间隔时间,提出了矿山采场爆破降震措施。更多还原

【Abstract】 The study on the stability of ore pillar, which acts as a supporting structure for the mining system and recyclable material, is being paid more and more attention to. One of the main factors that influence the ore pillar’s stability is blast vibration. Strong blast vibration is likely to cause the ore pillar rockmass to formate concentrated stress, bringing the security menace for the recovery of ore pillar and finally resulting in instability and convulsion. So it has profound theory and realistic meaning for the recovery of mineral resource and safety production of mines to study the effect of blasting vibration on the stability of ore pillar.Combined with the production practice of a Tong Keng Mine, the paper studies on the effect of underground middle-deep-hole blast vibration on the stability of ore pillar by blasting vibration monitoring, numerical simulation and dynamic stress evaluation. The main achievements of this paper are as follows:According to the mechanisms of the blasting seismic wave propagation,through monitoring underground deep-hole blasting on the spot and using linear regression to analyze the monitor data, it is obtained that the peak velocity attenuation rule of blasting vibration of Tong Keng Mine, which provides directions and references for the middle-depth-hole blast design.Based on analyzing and discussing the problem of determing the physical mechanical model, choosing the model parameters, inputting blast load and damping setting, according to the theory of response spectrum and the monitoring data on the blasting spot, the paper studies on the dynamic response rule of ore pillar under blasting load on the basis of using ANSYS finite element software for numerical simulation, and determines the explosive dosage to prevent the ore pillar from destroying.Through engineering-geological and ore pillar’s rockmass quality investigation, the evaluation criterion of dynamic stress ratio, safety assessment for rock damage by blasting has been done in the paper. Furthermore, the paper also offeres the blast vibration peak value and the limiting value of maximum explosive dosage in middle-deep-hole blasting damage. And the results of numerical simulation and dynamic-stress-ratio evaluation are analyzed and compared.In addition testing on the optimization of blast parameters, the paper derives the optimal consumption of explosives and millisecond intervals, and puts forward the measures to reduce blast vibration in the mine.更多还原