【作者】 何志芳；

【导师】 郜建海；

【作者基本信息】 青海师范大学 ， 体育教育训练学， 2010， 硕士

【摘要】 土族作为青海省特有的少数民族,在其长期的生产生活历程中,土族人民创造了绚丽多姿的传统体育文化,然而在当今文化冲突和融合加快的今天,土族传统体育文化正面临着转型和变迁。此外土族生存空间和历史上的政治地位决定它的文化属于一种典型的连接地带的缓冲文化,因此它的文化对垒和融合较之其他民族文化更强,因此具有独特的研究价值。基于此初衷和目的,本文选择土族传统体育文化作为研究对象,结合文化人类学、教育人类学、民俗学的理论和方法,将历史文献与田野调查有机结合,通过搜集整理民间遗存的传统体育项目,梳理其起源和流变,展现隐藏其背后的文化内涵,管窥土族传统体育文化与经济、政治、历史、文化等各领域的互动关系。土族传统体育作为土族传统文化的重要组成部分,在一定意义上反映着土族的传统习俗和地域风貌,折射出土族历史的光芒。以往对土族传统体育仅有的研究,只是对土族传统体育的种类、内容等进行简单的搜集和整理,属于一种零散的描述式的研究,缺乏深入的理论分析和系统研究,因此本文的研究具有填补土族传统体育文化领域的研究空白。研究表明土族传统体育文化彰显出来的宗教性、区域性、多元性特征是由其自然环境和社会人文环境决定的,青海高原远古时期的蛮荒是土族传统体育带有宗教性的主要原因;从历史的纵向发展时空中,我们发现土族文化处于中原文化、吐蕃文化与西域文化交流碰撞最激烈的地方,这是它的体育文化彰显多元性的关键原因;此外,从政治环境来看,从南北朝开始,土族一直处于中原与吐蕃、西夏、内蒙政治、经济、文化势力伸缩进退、相互消长的中间地带,因此在其他强势民族的压迫下,因此不得不分散居住于不同地区,并在文化上逐渐渗透了居住周围的其他民族的文化因子,因此其文化特征彰显了土族传统体育文化的区域性特征。从人类学的视角来审视土族传统体育的起源,发现土族传统体育文化的形式与内容,依附于土族文化的广阔背景,与其生产生活习俗、民间信仰仪式、社会发展历史等密切相关,遗留着传统社会生产和生活方式的痕迹。所以说土族传统体育文化是文化生态与结构功能的长期互动的结果。从研究中还表明土族传统体育文化不仅是土族长期以来赖以强身壮体,抒发情感,协调关系,丰富生活,寄托希望的一种特殊的载体。更重要的是作为土族教育后代的手段之一,蕴涵着土族传统文化的精华、民族精神和情感,对土族的独特个性品质的形成具有重要作用。更多还原

【Abstract】 The Turkish minority as Qinghai unique in its long-term production and life history, the Turkish people to create a colorful traditional sports culture, but in today’s cultural conflicts and to speed up integration of today, Turkish traditional sports culture is facing restructuring and change. In addition, the history of Turkish living space and determine its political status of the cultural connection is a typical cultural buffer zone, confront it and integrate the culture more than other cultures, it has a unique research value. Based on this original intention and purpose, this choice of the Turkish culture as a traditional sport, combining cultural anthropology, education, anthropology, folklore theory and method, historical documents and the combination of field research, sorting through the collection of traditional folk sports Remains , comb their origin and evolution, showing hidden behind the cultural connotation, Glimpse Turkish traditional sports culture and economic, political, historical, cultural and other fields of interaction.Turkish Turkish traditional sports as an important part of traditional culture, in a sense, reflect the traditional practices and local Turkish style, reflects the light of Turkish history. The past, only the Turkish traditional sports studies, only the Turkish traditional sports of the types of content such as a simple collection and collation, belongs to a scattered descriptive study, the lack of in-depth analysis and system theory, this paper studies Turkish traditional sports culture has to fill the research gaps in the field.Research shows that highlight traditional sports culture out of the Turkish religious, regional, diversity is characterized by its natural and social environment determine, Qinghai Plateau’s wilderness is ancient Turkish tradition of sports with the main religious; history the vertical development of space-time, we found that the Turkish culture in the Central Plains culture, Tibetan culture and the Western cultural collision where the most intense, which is its diversity of sports and cultural highlights of the key reasons; In addition, the political environment, starting from the Southern and Northern Dynasties Turkish has been in the Central Plains and the Tubo Kingdom, Western Xia, Inner Mongolia, political, economic, and cultural forces and stretching maneuvers, mutual growth and decline of the middle ground, so strong in other ethnic oppression, and would have scattered in different areas and the gradual infiltration of the culture of living cultures of other nations around the factor, so the cultural identity of traditional sports and cultural highlights of the Turkish regional characteristics.From an anthropological perspective to examine the origin of the Turkish traditional sports, traditional sports culture found in the Turkish form and content, attached to Turkish culture, broad background, their production and living customs and rituals of civil religion, and history of social development is closely related to the traditional left signs of social production and way of life. So the Turkish traditional sports culture is cultural ecology and function of the result of long-term interaction.From the study also showed that not only the Turkish traditional Turkish sports culture which has long been strong physical body, to express emotion, coordinating relations, rich life in the hands of hope that a special carrier. More importantly, the Turkish education as a means of future generations, contains the essence of Turkish culture, national spirit and emotions, the unique character of the Turkish important role in the formation of quality.更多还原