建筑工程安全事故预防与控制

【作者】 耿亚杰；

【导师】 宋建学；

【作者基本信息】 郑州大学 ， 结构工程， 2009， 硕士

【摘要】 建筑行业受其自身的生产特点影响,是一个危险性高、极易发生事故的行业,在全世界来说都属于事故多发行业。建筑业的安全事故带来的灾难,促使了人们对建筑安全问题的普遍关注和对事故控制理论分析的重视,也是我国安全生产专项治理的重点行业之一。本文在调查研究和参阅相关文献的基础上,着重总结了建筑施工过程中多发及严重事故的原因,并有针对性地提出切实可行的防控技术措施和管理对策。首先由我国目前工程事故控制的现状出发,总结建筑施工过程中多发及严重事故的原因；然后以降低建设过程中安全事故发生的可能性为目的,对六项分部工程的主要施工安全事故的调查与案例分析,通过对生产要素具体的状态控制,使生产要素不安全的行为和状态尽量减少或消除,不引发为工程事故；最终通过研究提出,安全教育与培训是我国建设安全事故预防与控制目前最需进行也最容易被忽视的环节。通过分析建筑安全事故发生的因素及规律,对安全事故进行积极的预防和控制,完善建筑安全管理体制、管理方法和管理手段,这将为以后施工安全管理提供可操作性的方法,从而规范建筑行业开展具体安全管理工作,对其行业发展有进一步的促进与有益探索。更多还原

【Abstract】 Because of special features in civil engineering construction processes, construction industry is of high risk of accident and casualty in China, even for the developed countries. So, the construction industry is the focused field of government safety monitoring and controlling. The accidents and casualty in the process of construction bring to the birth of safety science and technology.Based on literature referencing and field investigation, the common and serious accidents in construction processes are summarized, then, for the purpose of accident control, some corresponding countermeasures are put forward to eliminate the factors of hazard. Firstly, the typical construction procedure is divided into six phases, such as pit excavation, high position works, contemporary electricity, scaffold works, weight lifting, explosive works and so on. Secondly, the corresponding measures are set for the detail procedures of each construction phases, in order to eliminate the dangerous actions and states, and cut the chains action of accidents. Finally, it is suggested that the safety education and exercises are the usually neglected measures in the practical projects, however, they are the most important and efficient way the improve the safety of construction industry.The common factors of accidents in construction industry are outlined, and the general evolving chains of disaster are listed. Based on the main ideas of the paper, the decision-makers in a construction enterprise may take some actions to eliminate the accidents:the risk control framework should be set up, the daily checking and modification steps should be done, and the safety education and exercises should be carried out periodically.更多还原