【作者】 曹杰；

【导师】 易建明；

【作者基本信息】 华中农业大学 ， 动物营养与饲料科学， 2010， 硕士

【摘要】 本文通过研究在日粮中添加二氢吡啶对奶牛生产性能、抗氧化和抗热应激能力的影响,二氢吡啶可以直接影响奶牛血液的抗氧化酶活力、代谢物质及酶与激素的水平,进而改善奶牛的健康状况、提高奶牛的采食量和生产性能。本试验在黄冈市梅家墩牧业有限公司牧场选取28头健康的泌乳后期(203±6DIM)中国荷斯坦奶牛根据胎次(3.50±0.21)、产奶量(10.84±0.15 kg)体重(506±8 kg)相似的原则随机分成商品浓缩料日粮组和自配料日粮组2大组(S组和Z组)。每组分为添加0.02%二氢吡啶和不添加二氢吡啶两部分,粗饲料固定不变。这样构成了试验的4个处理组,每组7头奶牛。试验时间：2009年7月20日～2009年9月28日,其中预试期10d,正试期60d。全期牛舍的最高温度平均值32.82℃,最低温度平均值24.67℃,平均THI均在72以上。实验结果表明：(1)在整个试验过程中,自配精饲料组中添加0.02%二氢吡啶(Z1组)奶牛的产奶量均明显的高于其它试验组奶牛产奶量。在正试期第20d以后,Z1组奶牛在产奶量方面体现了较好的效果,Z1组奶牛产奶量比S组高1.73 kg,差异显著。在实验结束时Z1组奶牛产奶量比S组高2.09 kg,,差异显著。商品浓缩料组和自配精饲料组中添加0.02%二氢吡啶均能提高奶牛的乳脂率但是对乳蛋白率的提高效果不明显。在试验结束时,S1组奶牛乳脂率比S组高8.17%(P<0.05),Z1组奶牛乳脂率比Z组低0.50%,差异并不显著。商品浓缩料组中添加0.02%二氢吡啶使乳蛋白率提高2.66%。结果表明自配精饲料中添加0.02%二氢吡啶对于提高热应激奶牛产奶量有较好的效果。(2)在商品浓缩料和自配精饲料中添加0.02%二氢吡啶都能提高血浆中SOD、GSH-Px、CAT酶活力。减少脂质过氧化产物MDA的产量。在全部四个实验组中,Z1组奶牛血浆中SOD、GSH-Px、CAT酶活力均为最高,血浆MDA含量最低。结果表明自配精饲料中添加0.02%二氢吡啶对于提高热应激奶牛机体抗氧化酶活性、有效清除体内自由基有较好的效果。(3)在商品浓缩料和自配精饲料中添加0.02%二氢吡啶均能提高血清中总蛋白、白蛋白、葡萄糖的含量,降低血清中尿素氮的含量；降低血清中谷草转氨酶、谷丙转氨酶、肌酸磷酸激酶的含量；极显著降低血清皮质醇的含量,提高了血清中T3、T4的含量。在全部试验组中,Z1组效果最好,表明在自配精饲料中添加0.02%二氢吡啶能很好的抵御热应激对奶牛血清代谢物质、血清酶活力和血清激素的影响。更多还原

【Abstract】 This paper studies the effects of dietary diludin on the production, anti-oxidized capacity and anti-heat stress capacity of dairy cows.The result showed diludin could affect the antioxidant enzyme activity, serum metabolins, the level of enzyme and hormone. By this way, they may improve the health condition, feed intake and production performance of dairy cows.28 late lactation stage(203±6 DIM)China Holstein cows on Mei Jiadun dairy farm in Huanggang city were used in this experiment.These cows were randomly divided into two treatment groups by similar parity(3.50±0.21),milk yield(10.84±0.15 kg)and weight(506±8 kg) named as commercial concentrate feed group (S group) and self-made concentrate feed group (Z group), either group was divided into 0.02% diludin group and non-diludin group, the roughage were consistent. The experimental period were 2009.7.20～2009.9.28,10 days for pre-trial period and 60 days for formal experiment period. The average maximum air temperature was 32.82℃of the cowshed, the average minimum air temperature was 24.67℃, the average THI were above 72. The results indicated that:(1) In the formal trial period, adding 0.02% diludine into commercial concentrate feed and self-made concentrate feed could influence the production performance and the milk composition. After 20 days, compared with group S, the milk yield of group Z1 increased 1.73 kg significantly different (P<0.05), at the end of the trial, the milk yield of group Z1 was 2.09 kg higher than the group S(P<0.05). Adding 0.02% diludine into commercial concentrate feed and concentrate feed could incresed the milk fat rate but the milk protein rate was not appeared. At the end of the trial, compared with group S, the milk fat rate of group S1 increased 8.17%(P<0.05), compared with group Z, the milk fat ratio of group Z1 decreased 0.50%(P>0.05). Adding 0.02% diludin into commercial concentrate feed make the milk protein ratio increased by 2.26%.(2) Adding 0.02% diludin into commercial concentrate feed and self-made concentrate feed could increased SOD, GSH-Px, CAT and other antioxidant enzyme activity in the serum, reduced lipid peroxidation MDA content. In all four trial groups, the activity of SOD, GSH-Px, CAT in serum of dairy cows in Z1 group were the highest, lowest concentration of MDA in serum. The results indicated that adding 0.02% diludine into self-made concentrate feed had good effects to improve animal body’s antioxidant enzyme activity and eliminate free radicals effectively in heat stressed conditions.(3) Adding 0.02% diludin into commercial concentrate feed and self-made concentrate feed could increased the concentration of total protein, albumin and glucose in serum, decreased the concentration of urea nitrogen in serum; decreased the activity of GOT, GPT and CK in serum; significantly decreased the concentration of cortisol in serum, increased the concentration of T3 and T4 in serum. In all experimental groups, Z1 group has the best status, The results showed that adding 0.02% diludin into self-made concentrate feed could effectivety resist the influence of heat stress on dairy cows serum metabolites, serum enzyme activity and serum hormone.更多还原