【摘要】 针对普通地膜残膜导致农田土壤污染现象,进行了生物降解地膜、光氧降解地膜、普通地膜覆盖及露地栽培烟草的田间对比试验,研究了地膜的降解性能及对烟株生长和烤后烟叶化学成分、土壤温度、水分、酶活性和微生物群落的影响。结果表明,生物降解地膜的降解性能优于光氧降解地膜,在覆膜245 d后地膜质量损失率达59.9%。地膜覆盖的烤烟农艺性状、烟叶产量和化学成分协调性好于露地对照,其中以普通地膜效果最好,其次为生物降解地膜。在烟株生长前期,两种降解地膜处理的垄体温度、水分含量高于露地对照,差于普通地膜;在烟株生长中后期则与普通地膜差异较小。覆膜处理提高了土壤酸性磷酸酶活性,增加了土壤中细菌和真菌OTU数量。降解地膜处理提高了细菌微生物群落内物种分布的多样性和均匀度;减少了土壤真菌微生物多样性。本研究认为,生物降解地膜降解性好于光氧降解地膜,对烟株生长、土壤酶活性和微生物数量、多样性的影响与普通地膜差异不显著,应用于烟草生产是可行的。更多还原

【Abstract】 Aiming at decreasing agricultural pollution caused by plastic films, degradation of photo-oxygen degradation and bio-degradable films and their effects on flue-cured tobacco development, soil temperature, moisture, enzyme activities and microbial community were studied and the results were compared with plastic film and open field. The results indicated that the degradation performance of bio-degradable film was better than photo-oxygen degradation film, with a mass loss rate of 59.9% after applied to flue-cured tobacco for 245 days. The development, biomass and compatibility of conventional chemical constituents of flue-cured tobacco increased markedly by film covering compared with open field, and the effects of plastic film was the best, followed by bio-degradable film, last for photo-oxygen degradation film. At the early stages of the tobacco plant growth, the temperature and moisture content of soil treated with two kinds of degradable film were higher than that of the open field, which was significantly lower than that of the plastic film. At the middle and later stages of the tobacco plant growth, it was similar to that of the plastic film. Film covering increased significantly the soil acid phosphatase activities and the OTUs of soil bacteria and fungi. In addition, the microbial diversity and evenness of soil fungi and soil bacteria were decreased and improved separately with the treatments of biodegradable film and photo-oxygen degradation film. Bio-degradable film had excellent degradability, and no significant difference in the development of flue-cured tobacco and soil enzyme activities, microbial diversity and evenness with plastic film, suggesting that it could be applied to tobacco production.更多还原