【摘要】 在明清两代,我国的西南各少数民族地区曾多次组织过大规模的"皇木"采办行动,并由此导致"劳命伤财"的重大社会影响。性急的学人不免以此为依据,认定"皇木"采办必然导致我国西南地区楠木资源储备的枯竭,并引发严重的生态祸患。甚至断言,这是当代楠木成了濒危植物的社会原因。然而,"皇木"采办的对象是数百年,乃至千年以上树龄的大型优质楠材,对百年以下树龄的楠木资源根本不屑一顾。就生态的总体观而论,局部的受损不足以引发生态系统的总崩溃。同时,"皇木"采办的目的和归宿仅止于满足朝廷和各级贵族的奢侈生活,在楠木资源的整体性消费中,所占比例极为有限。因而,无论从生态的整体观,还是从文化的整体观而言,"皇木"采办仅是一个局部问题,而生态的退变则是一个整体性问题,其间不存在必然的因果关系。所以有关结论皆不足为凭。由此来看,轻率断言明清时期"皇木"采办导致我国楠木资源的普遍绝迹,也为时尚早。其实,在政策驱动下,将前代的楠木宜林地改作旱地农田利用,其整体的生态负效应更明显,更直接,这才是活态楠木资源濒临灭绝的关键社会原因。更多还原

【Abstract】 The Ming and Qing dynasties organized several large-scale purchases of "Huangmu"(wood for building palaces) in the ethnic minority areas in the southwest of China, which resulted in major social impacts. Some scholars used this as a basis to determine that the purchase of "Huangmu"will inevitably lead to the depletion of the Nanmu resource reserve in southwestern China and cause serious ecological disasters. It is even asserted that this is the social reason why the Nanmu has become a protected endangered plant.However, the target of the purchase of "Huangmu"is the Nanmu of large-scale high quality, which has been hundreds of years or even more than a thousand years, and those below a hundred years are simply not taken into consideration. As far as the overall concept of ecology is concerned, local damage is not enough to trigger the collapse of the ecosystem. At the same time, the purpose of the purchase of "Huangmu"only endeavors to satisfy the extravagant life of the imperial court and aristocrats, and its proportion in the overall consumption of Nanmu resources is extremely limited. Therefore, whether it is from the overall view of ecology or from the perspective of the overall view of culture, the purchase of "Huangmu"is only a partial problem, and the degeneration of ecology is a holistic problem. There is no direct causal relationship between them, thus the related conclusions are not sufficient. Since the beginning of the Republic of China, there has been another reason for the decline of China’s Nanmu resources. Considering that during the period of the Republic of China, there had been Nanmu Street in many cities, which specialized in selling Nanmu products and compete to purchase high-end Nanmu furniture. From this point of view, it’s too early to recklessly assert that China’s Nanmu has been universally extinct. In fact, under the drive of the policy, changing the former Nanmu woodland into dryland farmland use, the ecological negative effect is more obvious and direct. This is the key social cause for the extinction of living Nanmu resources in China.更多还原