【摘要】 结合光学显微镜鉴定、扫描电镜、X射线能谱探针、筛析等技术手段,系统研究了青海省玛温根矿区产出的有代表性的氧化铅矿石的工艺矿物学特征。结果表明:矿石主要有价元素是Pb(2. 76%)和Ag(204. 4×10-6);矿石中铅的赋存状态较复杂,主要赋存于铅铁矾等难溶铅中,其次赋存于氧化铅、硫酸铅中,矿石中的铅矿物主要是铅矾、白铅矿、砷铅铁矾,少量方铅矿、砷铅矿等;银的赋存状态亦较为复杂,独立银矿物为硫铜银矿,含量甚微,部分银呈类质同像赋存于其他的金属硫化物中。通过偏光显微镜和扫描电镜分析发现,主要的铅矿物如铅矾、白铅矿等相互交代连生现象明显,且嵌布粒度细小,这与筛析检测结果相一致,同时矿石中As含量较高,达到了5. 43%,含砷矿物主要为毒砂、臭葱石,经X射线能谱分析,部分铅矿物与砷元素关系密切,并形成了砷铅铁矾、砷铅矿等复杂砷铅矿物。所以预测在选矿过程中,砷会随铅矿物同步富集,银的独立银矿物主要是硫铜银矿,且嵌布粒度微细,大部分银矿物以微细粒包裹态赋存于石英、褐铁矿等硅酸盐或氧化物中。根据以上研究成果,可判定该氧化铅银矿属于极难选矿石,建议采用浮选-化学选矿工艺综合回收铅、银金属的技术路线。更多还原

【Abstract】 In this paper,the technological mineralogical characteristics of representative lead oxide ores in the Mawengen ore district of Qinghai Province were systematically studied by means of optical microscope identification,scanning electron microscope,X-ray energy spectrum probe and sieving analysis. The results show that the main valuable elements of ores are lead( 2. 76%) and silver( 204. 4 × 10-6). The modes of occurrence of lead in ores are complex,mainly occurring in lead-iron jarosite and other insoluble lead,followed by lead oxide and lead sulfate. The lead minerals in ores are mainly lead jarosite,leucite and arsenopyrite,with a small amount of galena and arsenopyrite. The modes of occurrence of silver are more complex,and the independent silver mineral is sulfur-copper-silver ore,whose content is very small. Some silver isomorphism occurs in other metal sulfides. Through polarizing microscope and scanning electron microscope analysis,it is found that the main lead minerals such as lead jarosite and cerussite are seriously intergrown and fine-grained,which is consistent with the results of screening test.At the same time,the content of arsenic in ores is high,reaching 5. 43%. The arsenic-bearing minerals,except arsenopyrite and scallion,underwent X-ray diffraction. Energy spectrum analysis shows that some lead minerals are closely related to arsenic,and complex arsenic-lead minerals such as arsenopyrite and arsenopyrite are formed.Therefore,it is predicted that arsenic will be enriched synchronously with lead minerals in the mineral processing.The independent silver minerals of silver are mainly pyrite,copper and silver minerals with fine dissemination size.Most of silver minerals occur in silicates or oxides such as quartz and limonite in the form of micro-particles. Based on the above research results,it can be concluded that the lead-silver oxide ore is very difficult to be separated. It is suggested that the flotation-chemical separation process should be adopted to recover lead and silver metals.更多还原