【摘要】 旱作地区具有降雨少、分布不均等特点,导致春玉米生长前期易受干旱影响造成减产,通过垄作覆膜可以改善旱作地区春玉米水分利用状况,增强期抗旱能力。本试验设置垄作覆膜、起垄覆膜(未播种)、露地平作及撂荒4个种植模式处理,分别测定各处理在播种前、苗期、拔节期和大喇叭口期0～20 cm,20～40 cm,40～60 cm土壤含水量和储水量,分析春玉米地上干物质量和水分利用效率,研究垄作覆膜栽培对春玉米生长及水分利用的影响。结果表明,垄作覆膜可以改善春玉米生育前期(苗期—大喇叭口期)根系水分状况,其中覆膜处理苗期和拔节期0～40 cm及大喇叭口期20～40 cm土壤含水量和储水量均显著高于未覆膜处理(P<0.05),且垄作覆膜处理在大喇叭口期40～60 cm土壤含水量和储水量亦显著高于露地平作处理(P<0.05);与露地平作比较,播前—大喇叭口期,垄作覆膜水分利用率提高69.48%,干物质量提高27.52%。综合说明垄作覆膜栽培模式可以减少土壤水分蒸发,起到保墒作用,缓解旱作地区春玉米早期干旱现象,同时也可以提高春玉米地上部干物质量积累,为后期增产打下基础,适宜在旱作地区推广应用。更多还原

【Abstract】 The dry farming area has the characteristics of less rainfall and uneven distribution, which leads to the reduction of yield caused by drought in the early stage of spring maize growth. The film mulching could improve the water utilization of spring maize in the dryland area and enhance the drought resistance. The experiment was conducted to study the effects of the ridge tillage and film mulching on growth and water use of spring maize, four treatments were set, including ridge tillage and film mulching, film mulching without sown, flat-planting without film mulching and abandoned farmland, soil water content and water storage capacity of three soil layers(0～20 cm, 20～40 cm and 40～60 cm) under four period(before sowing, seedling stage, jointing stage and big trumpet stage) were measured, the dry matter biomass and water use efficiency of spring maize were analyzed. The results showed that the mulching film could improve the root water condition of the spring maize in the early growth period(seedling stage-big trumpet stage), in which the soil water content and water storage capacity of the seedling stage and the jointing stage in 0 ～40 cm soil layer and the big trumpet stage in 20～40 cm soil layer were significant higher than no film mulching treatments(P<0.05), the soil water content and water storage capacity of big trumpet stage in 40 ～60 cm soil layer were also significant higher than flat-planting without film mulching treatment(P<0.05). From pre-sowing to big trumpet stage, compared with flat-planting without film mulching, the water use efficiency and the dry matter biomass in ridge tillage and film mulching increased by 69.48% and 27.52%, respectively. In general, the mode of ridge tillage and film mulching could reduce soil water evaporation, preserve the soil moisture, alleviate the early drought phenomenon of spring maize in dry farming areas, and also improve the accumulation of dry matter in aboveground, laying a foundation for later yield increase, which was suitable for the application in dry farming areas.更多还原