【摘要】 重金属镉(Cd)在土壤—水稻中的迁移转化过程极其复杂且影响因素较多,稻米中Cd的累积会对人体健康造成严重的影响,而稻米Cd的危害取决于Cd的生物有效性,因此,运用数学模型对土壤—水稻镉生物有效性进行模拟预测,已经成为该领域比较热门的研究内容。建立土壤—水稻镉生物有效性预测模型可为环境风险评价、土壤环境质量标准及农产品安全阈值制定提供有效的工具,并为生产安全稻米提供参考。本文对现有的经验(统计)模型、机理模型和半机理模型以及它们的适用范围和优缺点进行综述,并概括土壤类型及其性质对稻米Cd积累的影响,同时探讨当前预测模型的局限性,提出建立注重学科交叉且更为全面、整合度更高的土壤—水稻镉生物有效性预测模型将是今后的发展趋势。更多还原

【Abstract】 The migration and transformation process of heavy metal cadmium(Cd) in soil-rice system is extremely complex and has many influencing factors.Accumulation of cadmium in rice may cause serious effects on human health,and the harm of cadmium in rice depends on the bioavailability of Cd.Therefore,using mathematical models to simulate and predict the bioavailability of cadmium in soil-rice system has become a hot topic of this field.The establishment of cadmium bioavailability prediction models in soil-rice system could provide an effective tool for environmental risk assessment,soil environmental quality standards and safety threshold of agricultural products,and also provide a reference for the production of safe rice.This paper reviewed the application range of three existing models including empirical(statistical) models,mechanism models and semi-mechanical models as well as their advantages and shortcomings,and also summarized the effects of soil types and properties on Cd accumulation of rice.At the same time,the limitations of the current mathematical models were discussed,suggesting that a more comprehensive and integrated mathematical models to simulate and predict the bioavailability of cadmium in soil-rice system with emphasis on interdisciplinary study will be the trend of the future development.更多还原