【摘要】 2016年12月—2017年2月和2017年12月—2018年3月,采用瞬时扫描法和焦点动物法,对鄱阳湖畔藕田生境中小天鹅(Cygnus columbianus)和鸿雁(Anser cygnoides)越冬期昼间行为的能量支出和取食行为进行观察。结果表明:小天鹅和鸿雁主要行为是休息(小天鹅:36.01%;鸿雁:28.02%)、取食(32.71%; 17.44%)和运动(17.26%; 30.61%);小天鹅和鸿雁昼间能量支出较多的行为也是取食(小天鹅:354. 1 kJ·d-1;鸿雁:144. 88kJ·d-1)、休息(275.22 kJ·d-1; 164.35 k J·d-1)和运动(219.79 kJ·d-1; 299.22 kJ·d-1);小天鹅在藕田中取食行为的能量支出和总能量支出均显著高于鸿雁;小天鹅和鸿雁一天中的能量支出无显著差异;藕田生境中小天鹅主要采取表面取食和头颈浸入水体的取食方式,鸿雁则主要采取表面取食和挖掘食物,这与藕田生境中水深、食物组成以及自身形态有关;小天鹅和鸿雁通过不同的取食方式和取食水深,减少种间竞争。更多还原

【Abstract】 From December 2016 to February 2017 and from December 2017 to March 2018,the scan-sampling technique and focus animal method were used to study energy expenditure and foraging behavior of wintering Tundra Swan( Cygnus columbianus) and Swan Goose( Anser cygnoides) in a lotus habitat near Poyang Lake during the daytime. The results showed that both Tundra Swan and Swan Goose spent their daytime on resting( 36. 01% vs. 28. 02%),foraging( 32.71% vs. 17.44%),and locomotion( 17.26% vs. 30.61%). Correspondingly,they mainly expended energy for foraging( 354.1 vs. 144.88 kJ·d-1),resting( 275.22 vs. 164.35 kJ·d-1)and locomotion( 219. 79 vs. 299. 22 k J · d-1) in daytime. The energy expenditure of foraging behavior and total energy expenditure of Tundra Swan were significantly higher than those of Swan Goose. There was no significant difference in daily energy expenditure between Tundra Swan and Swan Goose. Tundra Swan mainly adopted feeding way from the water surface and dipping with head-neck submersed,while Swan Goose used feeding way from the water surface and digging food. This is related to the water depth,food composition,and their own morphology. Tundra Swan and Swan Goose have different foraging methods and foraging water depth to decrease interspecific competition.更多还原