【摘要】 利用1960—2010年黄河下游304场次洪水实测水沙资料,以小浪底站为黄河下游河道进口控制站,以花园口、高村、艾山和利津4站为节点将黄河下游划分为4个河段,系统地研究了黄河下游洪水期河道水沙输移规律,分析了花园口、高村、艾山和利津4站输沙率与各自上站流量、含沙量和输沙率的关系。结果表明:黄河下游河道的下站输沙率与上站输沙率有很好的相关关系。在此基础上,进一步对小浪底场次洪水来沙系数进行分级,得到了分级来沙系数的下站输沙率与上站输沙率的相关关系。采用建立的下站输沙率与上站输沙率关系式计算得到的黄河下游各河段冲淤量和冲淤过程与实测资料符合很好,具有较高的精确度。利用建立的关系式可以方便地预测未来黄河下游河道洪水期不同河段冲淤量,快速判断场次洪水对黄河下游河道冲淤的影响。更多还原

【Abstract】 Based on the measured data of flow and sediment of 304 floods from 1960 to 2010 in the lower Yellow River, the study on the regularity of flow-sediment movement during floods in the lower Yellow River was presented. The lower Yellow River was divided into four sections by the four hydrological stations(Huayuankou, Gaocun, Aishan and Lijin). The relationship between sediment transport rate at the four stations and the flow discharge, sediment concentration and sediment transport rate at their nearest upper station was analyzed. The results show that the sediment transport rate at a given station has a good relationship with that at its closest upper station. The finer relationship of sediment transport rate between a given station and its nearest upper station based on the grading of sediment coming coefficient(Q/S) at Xiaolangdi Station is further obtained. The calculated sedimentation amount for each section of the lower Yellow River by using the proposed relationship in this paper agrees well with the measured data. The relationship established in this paper can be easily used to estimate the sedimentation in the lower Yellow River during floods, which is significant for quickly evaluating the effect of reservoir operation upstream on river bed variation in the lower Yellow River.更多还原