【摘要】 居民农产品消费中的氮磷流动造成的环境问题突出,基于生命周期评价方法,以居民农产品消费系统(包括作物初加工、畜禽屠宰加工、农村居民农产品消费和城镇居民农产品消费等过程)为研究系统边界,构建了居民农产品消费氮磷环境影响分析模型,并以安徽省为例,分析了2015年安徽省居民农产品消费系统氮磷流动造成的资源消耗、酸化、富营养化和全球变暖等环境影响,同时比较了不同子过程中氮磷物质流动对各类环境影响的贡献。结果表明:在农产品加工过程中,小麦对磷资源消耗量最大,猪对富营养化的贡献最大,分别达到43. 05%和41. 48%;另外,城镇居民和农村居民的谷物消费造成的磷资源消耗较高,分别达到51. 09%和65. 22%,农村居民粪便对环境的富营养化和酸化贡献率最大,分别达91. 05%和99. 49%,而农村固废对环境的全球变暖贡献率最大,达77. 76%。提高加工工艺,合理地改善饮食结构,加强对农村生活粪便、生活污水以及生活固废的处理是减轻居民农产品消费过程中氮磷环境影响的有效途径。更多还原

【Abstract】 The environmental impacts caused by nitrogen and phosphorus flows of the residents’ agri-products consumption system has become serious. Based on life cycle assessment( LCA),a model of the environmental impacts derived by nitrogen and phosphorus flows of the residents’ agri-products consumption system was conducted,which includes crop primary processing,livestock slaughtering,rural agri-products consumption,and urban agri-products consumption. With the model,four environmental impacts including phosphorus depletion,climate change,acidification and eutrophication caused by the nutrient flows of residents’ agri-products consumption system in Anhui Province in 2015 were characterized.The environmental impacts contributed by different subsystems were also compared by using the model. The results show in agri-products processing,wheat and pig contributed the most phosphorus depletion and eutrophication,which were43. 05% and 41. 48%,respectively. Meanwhile,grains consumed by both urban consumption and rural consumption had the largest phosphorus depletion,which were 51. 09% and 65. 22%,respectively. Moreover,rural residents’ manure resulted in the most eutrophication and acidification,which were 91. 05% and 99. 49%,respectively. While the rural solid waste generated the greatest portion for global warming( 77. 76%). Thus,improving processing technology,changing diet structure,and strengthening the disposing of rural wastes( including manure,domestic sewage,and solid waste) are the efficient measures of mitigating the environmental impacts caused by the nutrient flows of residents’ agri-products consumption.更多还原