【摘要】 煤炭科学开采是煤炭行业追求的目标,采动应力与岩层控制研究可以促进煤炭安全开采、提升自动化与智能化开采效率、保护地下水与地面环境、实现煤炭及共伴生资源协调共采,是实现煤炭科学开采的基础。采动应力可数倍于原岩应力,偏应力和采动卸压是促使围岩破坏的主要因素,在一些长工作面顶板会发生分区破断现象,要充分重视采场围岩控制的系统刚度原理,对一些特厚煤层和薄基岩煤层开采的顶板运动及载荷边界尚不清楚。随着开采理念和技术进步,岩层控制研究也遇到了一些新问题,今后需更多地关注覆岩运动、底板破坏与突水、裂隙岩体、地质构造等问题。由于煤炭开采更多研究的是岩层破坏后的力学行为,破坏后的岩层是以块体组合、非连续体为主,其宏观运动以接触面位移、大变形为主要特征,需要提出针对性的研究方法,开发专用的仪器设备,完善煤炭开采岩层控制研究体系。更多还原

【Abstract】 Sustainable coal mining is the goal of coal industry. Researches on mining-induced stress and ground control are the basis to develop the sustainable coal mining,which will promote safe coal mining environment,improve automation technology and intelligent mining efficiency,protect groundwater and ground environment,and achieve coordinated co-extraction of coal and other associated resources. Mining-induced stress can be much larger than in-situ rock stress,meanwhile,the deviatoric stress and the mining pressure relief are the main factors to promote surrounding rock failure. Sub-regional fracturing mainly occurs at the roof of longwall faces,and it is necessary to focus on the principle of system stiffness of ground control. The potential roof movement and load boundaries of some extremely thick coal seam and thin bedrock coal seam are remained uncleared. With the development of mining concepts and technology,the research on ground control has encountered new challenges such as overburden movement,floor failure and water inrush,fractured rock mass,geological structure and etc. Since coal mining is more concerned with the mechanical behavior after rock failure,the damaged rock is dominated by block combination and discontinuous body. Its macroscopic motion is characterized by contacting surface displacement with large deformation. Therefore,it is necessary to propose targeted research methods,develop specialized instruments and equipment,and also improve the research system for coal mining ground control.更多还原