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种植模式和补灌对玉米生长发育及产量的影响
Effects of Planting Pattern and Supplemental Irrigation on Dryland Maize Growth and Yield
【摘要】 为探明全膜双垄沟播技术和集雨补灌对玉米生长发育及产量的影响,采用完全随机区组设计,分别在不同全膜双垄沟播种植模式与补灌措施下对玉米干物质积累、叶面积指数、叶片SPAD值、0~200 cm土壤水分等指标进行对比分析。结果表明:在欠水年补灌条件下,全膜双垄沟播(FMRF70)种植模式不仅能够显著促进玉米的生长发育,还有利于玉米籽粒性状表现。干物质积累增加2.51%~26.88%,叶面积指数增加5.06%~14.37%,叶片SPAD值增加1.56%~8.75%,穗长增加0.3%~13.3%、百粒重增加3.3%~4.7%。全膜双垄沟播(FMRF70)种植模式能够充分利用有限的水资源,使0~200 cm土壤平均贮水量增加8.0 mm~23.54 mm,经济产量和水分利用效率均表现为FMRF70>FP>FMRF60>FMRF50,产量增加19.20%~78.96%,WUE提高15.97%~70.00%,差异显著(P<0.05)。可见,全膜双垄沟播(FMRF70)种植模式结合灌浆期适量补灌是半干旱区适宜的种植模式。
【Abstract】 In order to explore the effect of full mulching and double ridge-furrow planting technology and supplemental irrigating on the growth and yield of maize,using a completely randomized block design,the dry matter accumulation,leaf area index,leaf SPAD value and soil moisture of 0 ~ 200 cm in maize were compared and analyzed. The results showed that FMRF70 treatment could not only significantly promote the growth and development of maize,but also contribute to the performance of maize grain traits under the condition of irrigation in waterdeficient years; dry matter accumulation was increased by 2.51% to 26.88%,leaf area index was increased by 5.06% to 14.37%,SPAD value of leaves was increased by 1.56% to 8.75%,spike length was increased by 0.3% to 13.3%,and 100-grain weight was increased by3.3% to 4.7%. FMRF70 planting pattern could make full use of limited water resources,and increased the average water storage of 0 ~ 200 cm soil by 8.0 mm to 23.54 mm. The economic yield and water use efficiency were both shown as FMRF70>FP >FMRF60>FMRF50,yield was increased by 19.20% to 8.96%,and WUE was increased by 15.97% to 70.00%,with significant difference( P<0.05). It can be found that FMRF70 planting pattern combined with appropriate supplemental irrigation in the grouting stage is an appropriate planting pattern in semiarid areas.
【Key words】 planting pattern; supplementary irrigation for rainwater collection; soil moisture; growth and development; production;
- 【文献出处】 节水灌溉 ,Water Saving Irrigation , 编辑部邮箱 ,2019年06期
- 【分类号】S513
- 【被引频次】10
- 【下载频次】171