【摘要】 利用原国家海洋局2010—2015年的浮标资料,计算渤、黄、东海有效波高和最大波高的线性关系,并通过1992—2011年共20 a的数值模拟有效波高资料计算中国东部海域各月的2.5 m、4 m、6 m以上最大波高频率和最大波高月极值分布。结果发现:中国东部海域由北至南,最大波高与有效波高的比值逐渐增大;最大波高频率和最大波高月极值空间分布均由渤海、黄海至东海逐渐增大,最大波高频率的极值12月最大,4或5月最小,最大波高月极值9月最大,4月最小。其时空分布表明:受不同天气系统影响,夏秋季台风较多,容易出现极值较大的最大波高;秋冬季冷空气较强,虽然最大波高极值相对较小,但大浪持续时间长、频率大、影响范围广。更多还原

【Abstract】 The linear relationship between significant wave height and maximum wave height in the Bohai Sea,Yellow Sea and East China Sea is calculated using buoy data of the State Oceanic Administration from 2010 to 2015. Based on the linear relationship, the frequency and monthly extreme value distribution of maximum wave height above 2.5 m, 4 m and 6 m in the eastern China seas are calculated using significant wave height of numerical simulation from 1992 to 2011. The results show that the ratio of the maximum wave height to the significant wave height increases gradually from the north to south in the eastern China seas. The frequency and monthly extreme value of maximum wave height both increase from the Bohai Sea to Yellow Sea and the East China Sea sequentially. The extreme value of maximum wave height frequency is largest in December and smallest in April or May. The monthly extreme value of maximum wave height is largest in September and smallest in April. According to the spatial and temporal distribution of maximum wave height, typhoon occurs more often in summer and autumn under the influence of different weather system and the extreme value of maximum wave height tends to be larger. On the other hand, the cold air in autumn and winter is stronger, and the huge wave shows long duration, high frequency and broad impact area, even though the extreme value of maximum wave height is relatively small.更多还原