【摘要】 黄河是东亚万里大河,连年大水有其特具的地球物理成因和背景,从灾害链物理和灾害史角度探讨黄河大水问题有一定的意义。首先介绍了1841—1843年黄河连年大水的发生情况,接着介绍了1830—1840年中国北方持续干旱和部分西南河流洪水,1860—1870年长江上游特大洪水,1844—1858年美国密西西比河连年大水,1839—1878年多瑙河、尼罗河以及东亚和南亚等河流大洪水,以及1819—1879年全球大地震,最后对地震与洪水的关系以及震洪关系的物理机制进行了分析研究。结果表明,地震对大洪水影响的可能物理机制主要是,密集大地震加强了一定地区对流层大气活动性,规范和稳定主雨带和主要暴雨中心,集中增大水汽含量。更多还原

【Abstract】 Yellow River is one of the longest rivers in East Asia. The successive spates occurred in Yellow River region present the special geophysical origin and background, so, it is significant to discuss the Yellow River spate from the aspects of the disaster chain physics and the disaster history. In this paper, the Yellow River successive spates occurred in 1841—1843 was introduced firstly. Then, the continuous drought happened in the north part of China and the flood occurred in southwest China in 1830—1840, the catastrophic flood occurred in upstream Yangtze River in 1860—1870, the successive spate occurred in Mississippi River in 1844—1858, the floods occurred in Danube, Nile as well as East Asia and South Asia rivers in 1839—1878, and the major earthquake occurred globally in 1819-1879 were introduced. The relationship between the earthquake and the flood and its physical mechanism were studied. The results indicated that the possible physical mechanism of how the earthquake influenced the flood mainly was that the serried major earthquake strengthened troposphere atmosphere activity in certain region, stabilized the main rain belt and the main rainstorm center, and increased the water vapor content.更多还原