【摘要】 矿山开发过程不可避免带来生态环境的破坏,生态恢复是实现矿山可持续利用与健康发展的必然途径。通过对紫金山金铜矿的系统研究,调查分析了矿区工程占地、生态恢复措施实施和生态恢复效果。结果表明,矿区工程实际占地面积为1 187. 79 hm~2,景观格局分析表明景观破碎化程度增加,景观空间异质性加大。工程建设及运营对占地范围内的植被、土壤造成一定程度的破坏,局部改变了地形地貌及自然景观,但工程实行分期开采、分期征占地,较大限度地减少对自然植被的破坏。实施一系列生态保护与恢复措施,遥感解译结果揭示矿区植被恢复面积总计244. 16 hm~2,调查的17块恢复样地植被覆盖度均大于80%,矿区早期生态恢复的马尾松林平均生物量较高,矿区生态环境影响得到缓解。结合实地调查结果对矿山恢复提出了建议与对策。更多还原

【Abstract】 Mine development will inevitably bring about the destruction of ecological environment.Ecological restoration is the inevitable way to realize the sustainable use and healthy development of mines.Through systematic research on the Zijinshan gold-copper mine,the land occupation of the mining area,implementation of ecological restoration measures and ecological restoration effects were investigated.The results showed that the actual area of the mining project was 1 187. 79 hm~2.Landscape pattern analysis showed that the degree of landscape fragmentation and the spatial heterogeneity of landscape increased.The construction and operation of the project had caused some damage to the vegetation and soil within the occupied area,and changed the landform and natural landscape locally.However,the project implemented the phased mining and land acquisition in stages,which greatly reduced the destruction of natural vegetation. A series of ecological protection and restoration measures were implemented.The results of remote sensing interpretation revealed the total area of vegetation restoration in the mining area was 244. 16 hectares.The vegetation coverage of the 17 surveyed restoration plots were greater than 80%.The average biomass of the masson pine forest in the early ecological restoration of the mine was relatively high.The impact on the ecological environment of the mining area was alleviated.Combined with the results of field investigation,suggestions and countermeasures were put forward for mine ecological restoration.更多还原