【摘要】 基于GIS空间分析技术和实际调查数据,通过构建避难场所综合服务效能指数,对北京市应急避难场所的空间分布特征及其服务效能进行了评估。结果表明:北京市应急避难场所分布具有明显的空间不均匀性,其综合服务效能大体可以分为4个层级,综合服务效能最低的地区主要集中于北京城市发展新区和生态涵养发展区。北京市避难场所总体分布与人口分布趋势基本一致,但其总体设计容量远低于需求容量,且区域间差异明显。北京市主城区基本都是避难场所服务配置缺口面积较高的区域。综合考虑多方面影响因素,加强避难场所布局与人口避难需求之间的协调统一,是提高应急避难场所服务效能的根本途径。更多还原

【Abstract】 Based on GIS spatial analysis technique and investigation data,we assessed the spatial distribution and service efficiency of emergency shelters in Beijing by constructing a complex service index. The results showed that the distribution of emergency shelters has obvious spatial heterogeneity in Beijing. The service efficiency of different administrative districts could be divided into 4 levels in Beijing,the lowest level of which mainly located in the new urban development zone and the ecological conservation development zone. The overall distribution of shelters is basically consistent with the trend of population distribution,but the overall design capacity of shelters is much lower than the demand capacity in Beijing. The main urban areas of Beijing are basically areas with high service allocation gap in shelters. Considering various factors comprehensively,strengthening the coordination and unification between the distribution of emergency shelters and the population is the fundamental way to improve the service efficiency of emergency shelters.更多还原