【作者】 张大林；

【导师】 昂海松；

【作者基本信息】 南京航空航天大学 ， 飞行器设计， 2002， 博士

【摘要】 本文结合人机与环境工程中不同研究方向上的几个主要问题，研究了人机与环境工程中的数值模拟方法，并用数值模拟方法解决了目前国内尚无试验研究条件的一些关键问题。这方面的研究工作在国内尚处于起始阶段，本文的工作对于推动人机与环境工程中数值模拟方法的研究，及采用数值模拟方法解决人机环境工程中的工程问题具有积极意义。本文的研究工作主要有以下几方面：1)介绍了人机环境工程中的数值模拟方法及其应用状况，并对湍流流动与换热数值模拟方法进行了分析。2)在对湍流流动与传热问题的数值模拟方法进行分析、总结的基础上，确定了适合人机与环境工程中数值模拟所采用的网格生成技术、对流扩散项的离散格式、压力修正与速度修正方法、湍流模型和非线性代数方程组的求解方法。3)提出了加压供氧面罩呼气活门特性的数值模拟方法。通过计算结果和试验结果的比较，验证了本文提出的呼气活门静态特性数值模拟方法的正确性。提出了用呼气活门板的运动方程和非定常流场计算相耦合的数值模拟方法，实现了加压供氧面罩呼气活门动态特性的数值模拟，分析了引起活门板颤振的原因，并提出解决该问题的方法。4)编制了通用的座舱气流组织数值模拟软件，使用该软件对某型飞机工作舱内气流组织的设计计算中，采用二维模型研究了座舱内自然对流和供气口位置对气流组织的影响，初步确定供气口的气流速度、温度及其在展向的位置。最后采用三维模型设计计算了工作舱的气流组织，确定了供气口在航向的位置。5)在对国内外结冰研究情况进行分析、综合的基础上，提出了结冰过程的数值模拟方法。利用多连续介质模型在欧拉坐标系下建立了空气—过冷水滴两相流动的控制方程，并在一定的结冰条件下对控制方程进行了合理的简化。在不同攻角、不同水滴有效直径情况下，数值模拟了结冰表面的水收集系数的分布情况。应用本文提出的移动边界技术，模拟了结冰过程，得到了翼面结冰后的冰型并分析了结冰对机翼气动力的影响。6)对本文的工作进行了总结。更多还原

【Abstract】 To solve several main problems of Man Machine and Enviroment Engineering(MMEE), the numerical simulation method of MMEE is researched and applied in this dissertation. At present, these problems can not be sovled by experimental way in China. So, the study work of this dissertation has important theory significance and engineering merit.The dissertation includes six chapters. In the first chapter, the history and state of art of studies on the numerical simulation method of MMEE are introduced, and the numerical simlution method of turbulent flow and heat transfer is reviewed. In the second chapter, based on the analysis of the numerical simlution method of turbulent flow and heat transfer in the complex geometrical domain, the grid generation technique, difference scheme of convective and diffusive terms, pressure and velocity correction methods, turbulent models and arithmetic of nonlinear equations, which are suitable for the numerical simlution of MMEE, are determined. In order to investigate the static and dynamic characteristics of the exhalation valve plate in pressure oxygen mask, the numerical simulation method of the exhalation valve plate’s static and dynamic characteristics is presented in the third chapter. By the comparison of the static simlation and experimental results, the effectiveness of the proposed numerical simulation method of the static characteristic is verified. To realize the numerical simulation of the dynamic characteristic, the dynamics equation of the exhalation valve plate and control equation of flowfield are coupling solved with numerical simulation method. Based on the proposed simulation method, the dynamic charateristic of exhalation valve plate can be analized and the cause of dithering of the valve plate can be found out. In the forth chapter, the Reynolds averaged Navier-Stokes equations and Low Reynolds number k-e model are used to simulate the airflow within the cabin. In order to obtain a higher accurate result, the convection terms of equations is treated by MUSCL scheme. The two-dimensional and three-dimensionalmodel are used to simulate the air distribution within the cabin, which is affected by buoyancy and the inlet nozzle configuration and velocity of air. In the fifth chapter, the Eulerian model for airflow containing water droplets is proposed by using multifiuld model, as an alternation to the Lagrangian. The impingement limits and collection coefficient coefficiencies, which are affected by the changes of the MVD(Mean Volume Diameter) and AOA(Angle Of Attack), are computated. The moving boundary techolique is proposed to simulate the ice accretion. In the last chapter, the research work in this dissertation is generalized.更多还原