【作者】 王行风；

【导师】 汪云甲；

【作者基本信息】 中国矿业大学 ， 地图制图学与地理信息工程， 2010， 博士

【副题名】以潞安矿区为例

【摘要】 煤炭资源开发活动所固有的强干扰性、时间持续性和空间扩展性等特点使其对生态环境的影响具有较明显的累积效应特征。在矿区可持续发展要求下,传统的煤炭资源开发环境影响评价暴露了许多自身的缺陷。因此,开展煤矿区生态环境累积效应理论及应用研究具有必要性、迫切性及可行性。本文以空间信息技术为数据采集、处理、分析和模拟的主要手段,依据系统科学基本原理,选择潞安矿区作为剖析对象,充分考虑煤炭资源开发的特点,通过多学科协同与交叉,针对煤矿区生态环境累积效应的相关问题展开了研究:(1)在总结煤矿区、环境累积效应和生态环境等概念的基础上,解析了矿区发展与生态环境系统的交互作用关系,剖析了煤矿区生态环境累积效应机理,并选择水土要素作为主要对象,构建了主要生态因子的累积效应表征模型。(2)考虑到区域生态环境管理的需要,基于景观尺度总结了煤矿区景观演变的累积效应时空特征,建立了由景观类型结构偏离累积度、景观格局干扰累积度和生态敏感性退化累积度三个指数所组成的矿区景观空间累积负荷模型。(3)针对传统CA模型忽略矿区地下开采影响及转换规则静态性的缺点,基于矿区生命周期和煤矿资源开采理论,引入地下影响要素层和周期控制变量,对传统CA进行了扩展,建立了T-ANNCA模型,该模型能有效顾及煤炭资源开发活动和矿区生命周期的影响,可以实现元胞转换规则的动态获取和应用。(4)在归纳、分析和总结传统环境分析方法特点的基础上,针对它们难以兼顾时间和空间累积效应分析的缺点,以GIS为基础平台,集成SD和T-ANNCA模型,建立了SD-CA-GIS模型,它能有效处理时间和空间累积效应问题,适合对矿区生态环境累积效应进行分析。(5)基于对矿区生态环境适应性管理的角度,剖析了矿区生态环境承载力和累积效应的关系,提出利用生态承载、冲击扰动和反馈响应变量来表征矿区复合生态系统的状态演化和发展趋势,并基于累积效应理论构建了矿区生态承载力演化测算模型。(6)建立了矿区生态环境累积效应分析和评价概念框架,基于生态环境因子对资源开发的响应特性,从累积变权的角度提出了基于累积信息的指标动态变权量化方法,建立了遗传投影寻踪累积效应变权综合评价的累积效应分析与评价模型。通过以上研究,明晰了煤炭资源开发和生态环境的交互作用关系,总结了煤矿区生态环境累积效应形式、途径和特点,剖析了矿区生态环境累积效应机理,构建了主要生态因子的累积效应表征模型,初步建立了煤矿区生态环境累积效应分析和评价体系。更多还原

【Abstract】 Coordinated development between coal resource exploitation and eco-environment is one of the important propositions of national economic and social development planning. Due to the obvious characteristics of cumulative effects impacts on the eco-environment caused by coal resource exploitation activities, studies on theories, applications and adaptive management of ecological cumulative effects in coal mining area will become the key issues in the mining area sustainable development.In this dissertation, Lu an coal mining area is chosen as a typical study area, analysis and assessment method system of eco-environment cumulative effects was investigated and built by taking mining area ecological cumulative effects analysis and assessment as the outline, applying multi-disciplinary theories and research methods, adopting the system integration method combining qualitative and quantitative analysis organically, and integrating theory and practice. Based on summarizing concepts of mining area, cumulative effects and eco-environment, etc., and analyzing eco-environment cumulative effects mechanism and the interaction relationships between mining area development and eco-environment system in the coal mining area, cumulative effects models of the main ecology effects were built by selecting water and soil elements as the main research objects. On the basis of summarizing the spatio-temporal characteristics of landscape evolution cumulative effects in coal mining area, establishing the spatial cumulative burden model composed of landscape type structure deviation, landscape pattern disturbance and ecology sensitivity degradation cumulative degree indices in coal mining area. After generalizing, analyzing and summarizing the traditional environment analysis methods, a GIS-based SD-ANNCA-GIS model integrating advantages of System Dynamics and Neural Network Cellular Automata, which can analyze the spatio-temporal cumulative effects, was established. In view of mining area eco-environment adaptive management, the relationships between mining area eco-environment carrying capacity and cumulative effects were analyzed, the evolution status and development trend of compound ecosystem in coal mining area were characterized by ecological carrying, impact disturbance and feedback corresponding variables. Referencing the DPSIR model, establish the conceptual framework of mining area eco-environment cumulative effects assessment, and double ring indices system framework model was proposed for eco-environment cumulative effects analysis and eco-environment quality synthetic assessment in mining area. Considering response characteristics of eco-environment factors from the coal resources exploitation, assessment indices dynamic variable weight quantization method, which bases on cumulative information, was presented in view of cumulative variable weight, and a spatio-temporal integration, dynamic analysis and assessment model was constructed for the mining area eco-environment cumulative effects, namely genetic projection pursuit-cumulative effects variable weight-synthetic assessment.The study reveals eco-environment cumulative effects styles, paths and characteristics on the whole, the interaction relationships between coal resources exploitation, eco-environment and eco-environment cumulative effects mechanism in coal mining area. The cumulative approaches of main ecology factors ecological effects were analyzed and the cumulative effects assessment method was presented using GIS and RS. The eco-environmental cumulative effects analysis and assessment methods model was built preliminarily in coal mining area. The relative index of eco-environment cumulative effects was calculated by designing different scenarios in the study area between 2010 and 2030.It is proved that research conclusions have some theoretical and practical significance in enriching and improving the eco-environment assessment theory, promoting the coordinated development between the coal resources exploitation and eco-environment and advocating healthy and ecological mining area, etc.更多还原