【作者】 常庆粮；

【导师】 周华强；

【作者基本信息】 中国矿业大学 ， 采矿工程， 2009， 博士

【摘要】 煤矿膏体充填开采是一种有效的解决煤矿开采对水资源、土地资源、建筑物等造成破坏的开采方法,相对于其它垮落法开采、条带开采、离层区注浆、水砂充填等开采技术而言,具有安全性高、采出率高、环境友好等优点,膏体充填采矿技术的应用,是煤炭工业贯彻落实科学发展观、实现绿色采矿的重要举措,是煤炭开采技术的革新,也是21世纪采矿技术的重要发展方向之一,必将促进我国煤矿安全、高效、可持续地发展。本论文从理论和实践上,着重研究了膏体充填开采岩层移动变形与地表沉陷控制的相关问题膏体充填开采岩层控制理论是充填体参与作用条件下的,顶板岩层和地表变形破坏与充填开采活动之间的关系规律,区别于垮落法开采的岩层控制问题。与其它充填开采比较,膏体充填开采的最大优点在于顶板垮落前已经进行采空区充填,顶板下沉只发生在工作面前方和控顶区,采空区顶板下沉则因充填体的支撑作用得到控制。因此,充填开采岩层控制的关键是控制直接顶及下位老顶的变形破坏。采用物理模拟和数值计算相结合的方法,分析了充填开采时顶板岩层的移动变形过程及支承压力分布特征,并对充填开采覆岩变形破坏进行了分类,明确了充填开采岩层控制的关键是控制直接顶及下位老顶的移动变形。通过理论计算和现场实测,对充填开采顶板岩层变形破坏范围进行了研究,结果表明,充填开采顶板裂隙破坏范围可按传统计算法进行预测研究。探讨了充填开采充填体的支护作用机理。根据膏体充填开采工作面煤体、支架、充填体组成的支撑体系耦合作用特点,建立了考虑充填体作用过程的组合顶板岩梁力学模型及其微分方程,推导出了充填体、支架和煤体三区耦合作用顶板关键岩层的挠曲方程。利用顶板关键岩层的挠曲方程,给出了充填开采工作面支承压力的计算方法,系统分析了关键岩层移动与充填程度、充填体力学性能之间的关系规律,分析了充填开采对充填体早期强度和控顶区支架支护强度的要求,并给出了计算式。研究了充填工作面顶板关键岩层移动影响因素的主次关系和可能达到的控制程度,明确了下位顶板岩层移动影响因素的主次关系依次为充填欠接顶量、充填前顶板移近量、充填体压缩率。探究了充填开采顶板岩层稳定性判据,阐明了充填开采控制地表沉陷的机理。通过数值模拟计算,分析了不同条件下充填工作面支承压力的分布特点,研究了充填率对小屯矿地表变形及支承压力的影响,明确了小屯矿膏体充填开采对充填率的要求,并阐述了提高充填率的措施。探讨了充填开采的地表沉陷预测模型,预测小屯矿充填开采时地表下沉系数可控制在0.16以内,能够保证南旺村建筑物安全。介绍了小屯矿膏体充填的背景、充填系统组成、充填工艺流程、充填开采进展情况。结合小屯矿充填工作面具体情况,提出了充填材料的性能要求,对小屯矿充填工作面的矿压显现、充填质量、顶板管理质量及充填开采后地表沉陷规律进行了观测和分析,介绍了小屯矿充填开采取得的成果和存在的问题,并提出了改进措施。更多还原

【Abstract】 Paste backfilling mining is an effective approach to settle damage caused by coal mining to water resources, land resources, building resources. Compared with other approaches, such as fully caving mining, strip mining, separated bed grouting, water-gravel-mixed filling. it has some advantages, such as high security, high recovery ratio and environment friendly. The application of paste backfilling mining technology is an important solution to carry out scientific development concept and realize green coal mining, which is a revolution for coal mining technology and is also one of the important development directions in the coal mining technology in the 21st Century. It will surely promote the coal mine development of our country with security, high efficiency and sustainability. Based on the theoretical and practical points in this article, the problems were emphasizely studied which are related to strata deformation and surface subsidence control in paste backfilling.Strata control theory of paste backfilling is to study the relationship law between the deformation of the strata and surface deformation and paste backfilling mining under the condition that the filled body is in action. And it is different from strata control problem in caving mining. Compared with other backfilling mining methods, the greatest advantage of paste backfilling is that the mined-out area has been backfilled before roof stratum subsided, and the subsidence of roof stratum only happens in the front of working face and top control area. The subsidence of mined-out area was controlled by the support from the filling body. Therefore, in paste backfilling, the key point of strata control is to control the deformation of immediate roof and lower main roof which are the key layers for strata control.Based on combining with physical simulation and numerical simulation, the deformation procedure of the overlying strata and distribution characters of abutment pressures were analyzed in paste backfilling, and the strata deformation was classified. We define that the key point of strata control is to control the deformation of immediate roof and lower main roof. Based on the theoretical calculation and site measurement, the strata deformation zone in paste backfilling is studied. The result shows that the leakage zone of roof stratum can be predicted in the traditional calculating method. The support mechanism of the filled body was discussed.According to the coupling characters of the support composed of the coal on working face, the support and the filled body in paste backfilling, a combined roof stratum mechanical model and its deflection equation were established And the relationship equation between the co-activation of the filled body the support and coal body and the roof stratum deflection line was deduced. Through the roof stratum deflection equation, the calculating method of the abutment pressure was given and the relationship law among the key strata movement and the backfilled degree, and the mechanical characters was also systematically analyzed We analyse the requirement on initial strength of filled body and the support strength, and research the relationship between the primary and the secondary influence of key strata movement and the possible control degree, and clarify that the affecting factors from major to minor are the unmeet distance to the roof stratum of the filled body, the distance previously moved of the strata, the pressed ratio of the filled body. Finally, the parameters for judging the roof stratum stability were discussed and the subsidence control mechanism was clarified, in backfilling mining.According to numerical simulation, distribution characters of abutment pressures and the effect of the filling ratio on the deformation and abutment pressures were analyzed in Xiaotun mine. The demand on the filling ratio was indicated and the methods to enhance the filling ratio was stated. The predicting model of the surface subsidence was discussed. We predict that the subsidence coefficient can be controlled about 0.16 by the backfilling in Xiaotun mine. It can ensure the security of the buildings in Nanwang village.The main compositions of the paste backfilling background, the paste filling system,the technological process of filling and the evolution of backfilling mining about Xiaotun coal mine were introduced in the thesis.Combining the practical conditions of Xiaotun coal mine,the general characteristics requirements of the paste filling materials were put forward. Strata behaviors of filling work-face, filling body quality, the roof stratum management quality, and surface subsidence on the condition of filling mining were observed. The obtained achievements and existing problems were introduced in detail in the article, thus the advice for further improvement was presented on the basic of the experience by the author.更多还原