【作者】 石大建；

【导师】 李向平；

【作者基本信息】 上海大学 ， 社会学， 2010， 博士

【副题名】以H市D区的民间读经活动为例

【摘要】 1990年代以来,曾退出中国历史舞台并沉寂长达八十年的“儒经”诵读活动再次兴起,进入21世纪更是呈加速发展之势,成为一项令人瞩目的文化思潮和文化运动,被称为“第四次读经回潮”。许多学者开始从教育、文化、现代化反思和社会运动等视角探讨当代“儒经”诵读思潮兴起的原因。本研究则从社会学的角度对当代“儒经”诵读思潮在民间社会兴起的原因进行探讨。本研究以发生在H市D区的由两个民间读经组织——鼎佳组织和华山组织——推动的“儒经”诵读活动为研究个案。2004年,鼎佳组织开始成立第一个读经机构,至今已拥有七个读经机构,并动员上千人参与到“儒经”诵读活动中;2007年,华山组织加入“儒经”诵读活动推广的行列,并扩展了“儒经”诵读活动的内容和形式,至今拥有两个读经机构,动员几百人参加“儒经”诵读活动。本研究以资源动员理论为研究视角,以资源动员、成员动员和框架动员三个维度为分析框架,对以上个案进行研究。资源动员理论把资源因素视为影响社会运动产生和发展的重要变量,认为社会可供给运动组织支配的资源总量的上升,促使社会运动的产生。资源因素主要包括物质资源、成员资源和话语资源(其中最主要是框架资源),因此资源动员理论即以这三个维度作为其分析框架,对社会运动进行探讨。本研究的基本观点和内容主要如下:第一,民间读经组织手中可支配的物质资源在不断增加。D区国民经济和居民收入水平的快速增长,提高了D区民间读经组织的外部支持者的经济实力和内部成员个人可支配的资金数量;鼎佳组织和华山组织积极动员并获得了足够的读经活动场所、资金和时间等资源,为“儒经”诵读思潮在民间社会的发起和发展奠定了必需的物质基础。第二,民间读经组织的成员资源实力得到增强。在短短的几年内,鼎佳组织和华山组织发动了大量的参与者和支持者,再加上组织者较强的组织能力、组织成员较高的同质性、动员网络的“差序性”等特点,大大增强了成员资源的实力,为“儒经”诵读思潮在民间社会的兴起和发展提供了成员条件。第三,民间读经组织的话语资源日益丰富。“传统文化热”为民间读经组织提供了有利的价值诉求话语;但传统文化话语本身的抽象性及其一定的政治敏感性,不能直接成为群体行动的动力,因此组织者又将其价值诉求话语整合成“君子务本”、“公益活动”和“振兴民族文化”等若干个简单实用的集体行动框架;此外,民间读经活动的推广者还运用了策略性话语来激发和积累被动员者的问题感、危机感和紧迫感等情感,从而强化了框架动员的效果,为“儒经”诵读思潮在民间社会的兴起和发展准备了思想基础。第四,从民间读经活动的结果来看,尽管民间读经活动开展的时间还不长,但它已经产生了不小的影响和作用。参加读经活动后,儿童和组织成员在智力水平、思想和行为方式等许多方面都发生了一系列的变化,而组织成员的文化自觉性也有了提高。第五,本研究结果表明,当代社会可供给民间读经组织支配的资源总量——包括物质资源、成员资源和话语资源等——的上升,直接促进了“儒经”诵读思潮在民间社会的兴起和发展。当然,促使当代“儒经”诵读思潮在民间社会的兴起的因素还有社会转型、中国崛起、传统文化底蕴、政治机会结构、儒家传统复兴、教育体制的弊端等等,这些因素与资源总量的增长有着密切的关联,从而共同推动了当代“儒经”诵读思潮在民间社会的兴起和发展。更多还原

【Abstract】 Since the 1990s,the activities of Reading Confucian Classics that had withdrew from the stage of Chinese history for 80 years rised again. They develop faster in the 21st century and become a remarkable cultural trend and cultural movement, which was called as“the Fourth Resurgence of Reading Confucian Classics”. Many scholars began to research the reasons for the rise of the trend of Reading Confucian Classics from different perspectives, including education, culture, modernity reflection and social movement. This study tries to research the reason for the rise of the trend of Reading Classics from the sociological perspective.This study takes the activity of Reading Confucian Classics inspired by two folk organizations of reading classics--Dingjia Organization and Huashan Organization—in D district of H city as the research case. Dingjia Organization found the first institution of reading classics in 2004. It have owned seven institutions until now, and mobilized more than 1000 people to participate the activities of reading Confucian classics. Huashan Organization joined the activities in 2007, and expanded the content and form of reading Confucian classics. It has owned two institutions until now, and mobilized hundreds of people to participate the activities.This study researches the above case by taking the Resource Mobilization Theory as research perspective, and take three dimensions--resource mobilization, member mobilization and frame mobilization—as the analytical framework. The Resource Mobilization Theory takes the resource factor as the important variable which affects the social movement. The researchers believe the increase of total resources supplied by the society would promote the emergence of social movements. The resource factors mainly include the material resource, member resource and frame resource ,especially the frame resource, therefore, the Resources Mobilization Theory discusses the social movement from these three dimensions.The main views of point and content of this study as follows:Firstly, the material resources in the folk organizations of reading classics has been increased constantly. The rapid growth of national economy and the resident income level in D district promoted indirectly or directly external and internal total amount of material resources in the folk organizations of reading classics; The growth of the total amount of resources -included place resources, financial resources and time resources -mobilized by Dingjia Organization and Huashan Organization prepared the essential material base for the initiation and development of the trend of reading Confucian classics.Secondly, the member resources of the folk organizations of reading classics were strengthened. The massive participants and supporters mobilized by the Dingjia Organization and Huashan Organization, the strong organizing faculty of the organizer, the high homogeneity of the main members, the Concentric-circles characteristics of the mobilization network , and the formidable support of the external forces,all of these provided the member condition for rise and development of trend of reading Confucian classics.Thirdly, the discourses resources of the folk organizations of reading classics were richful more and more. The“traditional cultural hot”provided the advantageous appeal discourses for the folk organizations of reading classics. Discourse itself, the abstraction of traditional culture and its political sensitivity, is not conducive for mobilizing all types of people and obtaining more external resources, and then the organizers tried to integrate the appeal into the simple and practical slogan (frame); In addition, the organizers utilize the strategic discourses to strengthen the emotions of the members so that the effects of the frame mobilization were promoted. Therefore the discourses resources of the folk organizations of reading classics formed the thought foundation of the rise and development of the trend of reading Confucian classics.Fourthly, the activities of reading classics have resulted a certain influence. After participating in the activities of reading classics, the children and members of the organizations have undergone a series of changes, while the members of the the organization have also improved their cultural consciousness.Fifthly, this study indicated that the increase of the total resources in the folk organizations of reading classics supplied by the contemporary society promoted directly the rise and development of trend of reading Confucian classics in the folk society. Certainly, there are also many other factors that pull the rise of the trend of reading Confucian classics in the folk society, such as social transformation, China’s rise, the connotations of traditional culture, the political opportunity structure, the rejuvenation of Confucian tradition, the malpractice of educational system’s ,and so on. All of these factors have the close connection with the growth of total resources, and they promote jointly the rise and development of the contemporary trend of reading Confucian classics in the folk society.更多还原